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Immune System Cells and Functions

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Interferon

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Proteins released by host cells to inhibit virus replication

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Basophil

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Releases histamine and plays a role in inflammation and allergic responses

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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

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Set of cell surface molecules that display antigen fragments for recognition by T cells

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B Cell

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Produces and secretes antibodies

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Regulatory T Cell (Treg)

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Regulates the immune response and prevents autoimmunity

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Macrophage

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Engulfs and digests pathogens and cellular debris

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Mast Cell

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Releases histamine and other mediators of inflammation

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T Cell

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Kills infected cells, helps B cells produce antibodies

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Natural Killer (NK) Cell

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Destroys virus-infected cells and cancer cells by inducing apoptosis

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Neutrophil

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First responder to infections, engulfs microbes, and releases antimicrobial substances

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Helper T Cell

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Activates other immune cells by releasing cytokines and stimulating antibody production

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Plasma Cell

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Terminal differentiation stage of B cell that secretes a high volume of antibodies

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Memory Cell

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Long-lived cell that remembers a pathogen and enables a quick response upon re-exposure

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Eosinophil

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Kills parasites and plays a role in allergic reactions

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Complement System

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System of proteins that enhances the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens

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Dendritic cell

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Presents antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response

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Cytotoxic T Cell

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Kills cancer cells and cells infected with viruses

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Monocyte

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Precursor to macrophages and dendritic cells, removes pathogens and dead cells

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Antibody

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Protein that targets specific antigens for immune response

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Cytokine

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Signaling molecule that modulates the immune response and cell communication

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