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Immune System Cells and Functions
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Macrophage
Engulfs and digests pathogens and cellular debris
Neutrophil
First responder to infections, engulfs microbes, and releases antimicrobial substances
Dendritic cell
Presents antigens to T cells, initiating the adaptive immune response
B Cell
Produces and secretes antibodies
T Cell
Kills infected cells, helps B cells produce antibodies
Natural Killer (NK) Cell
Destroys virus-infected cells and cancer cells by inducing apoptosis
Mast Cell
Releases histamine and other mediators of inflammation
Eosinophil
Kills parasites and plays a role in allergic reactions
Basophil
Releases histamine and plays a role in inflammation and allergic responses
Memory Cell
Long-lived cell that remembers a pathogen and enables a quick response upon re-exposure
Regulatory T Cell (Treg)
Regulates the immune response and prevents autoimmunity
Helper T Cell
Activates other immune cells by releasing cytokines and stimulating antibody production
Cytotoxic T Cell
Kills cancer cells and cells infected with viruses
Monocyte
Precursor to macrophages and dendritic cells, removes pathogens and dead cells
Plasma Cell
Terminal differentiation stage of B cell that secretes a high volume of antibodies
Interferon
Proteins released by host cells to inhibit virus replication
Complement System
System of proteins that enhances the ability of antibodies to clear pathogens
Antibody
Protein that targets specific antigens for immune response
Cytokine
Signaling molecule that modulates the immune response and cell communication
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Set of cell surface molecules that display antigen fragments for recognition by T cells
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