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Biochemistry

Amino Acids and Their Properties

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Tryptophan

Structure: Indole side chain, Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Essential

Glutamate

Structure: γ-carboxylic acid side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Non-essential

Leucine

Structure: Isobutyl side chain, Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Essential

Arginine

Structure: Guanidinium side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Semi-essential

Cysteine

Structure: Thiol side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Non-essential

Lysine

Structure: ε-amino side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Essential

Isoleucine

Structure: Sec-butyl side chain, Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Essential

Aspartate

Structure: Carboxyl side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Non-essential

Proline

Structure: Pyrrolidine side chain, Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Non-essential

Alanine

Structure: Methyl side chain (-CH3), Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Non-essential

Valine

Structure: Isopropyl side chain, Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Essential

Serine

Structure: Hydroxymethyl side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Non-essential

Glutamine

Structure: γ-amide side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Non-essential

Threonine

Structure: β-hydroxyethyl side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Essential

Methionine

Structure: Thioether side chain, Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Essential

Histidine

Structure: Imidazole side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Essential

Asparagine

Structure: Amide side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Non-essential

Glycine

Structure: No side chain (H as side chain), Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Non-essential

Tyrosine

Structure: Phenol side chain, Polarity: Polar, Essential: Non-essential

Phenylalanine

Structure: Benzyl side chain, Polarity: Nonpolar, Essential: Essential

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