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Carbohydrate Classification
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Flashcards
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Lactose
Disaccharide; milk sugar; provides energy for infants
Cellulose
Polysaccharide; structural component of plant cell walls; cannot be digested by humans
Galactose
Monosaccharide; part of lactose; important for brain and nervous system
Hyaluronic acid
Polysaccharide; component of extracellular matrix; lubrication in joints
Fructose
Monosaccharide; fruit sugar; converts to glucose in the liver
Starch
Polysaccharide; energy storage in plants; digestible by humans
Glycogen
Polysaccharide; animal energy storage; highly branched for quick release
Chitin
Polysaccharide; exoskeletons of arthropods; structural support in fungi
Sucrose
Disaccharide; transport form in plants; common table sugar
Heparin
Polysaccharide; anticoagulant; prevents blood clot formation
Glucose
Monosaccharide; primary energy source for cells; involved in cellular respiration
Amylopectin
Polysaccharide; branched form of starch; energy storage in plants
Ribose
Monosaccharide; backbone of RNA; involved in ATP structure
Maltose
Disaccharide; malt sugar; product of starch digestion
Deoxyribose
Monosaccharide; backbone of DNA; lacks one oxygen atom compared to ribose
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