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Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)

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A coenzyme involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another; it consists of adenine base, ribose sugar, and phosphate groups.

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Adenine

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A purine base with a double ring structure that pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA via two hydrogen bonds.

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Ribose

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A five-carbon sugar molecule that forms part of the backbone of RNA, has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose.

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Phosphate Group

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A molecule consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; it links the 5' carbon of one nucleotide to the 3' carbon of another.

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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

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A molecule that carries energy within cells; it has a ribose sugar, adenine base, and three phosphate groups.

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Uracil

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A pyrimidine base with a single ring structure that pairs with adenine in RNA via two hydrogen bonds and replaces thymine in DNA.

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Guanine

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A purine base with a double ring structure that pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA via three hydrogen bonds.

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Cytosine

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A pyrimidine base with a single ring structure that pairs with guanine in both DNA and RNA via three hydrogen bonds.

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Deoxyribose

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A five-carbon sugar molecule that forms part of the backbone of DNA, lacking an oxygen atom compared to ribose.

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Thymine

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A pyrimidine base with a single ring structure that pairs with adenine in DNA via two hydrogen bonds and is replaced by uracil in RNA.

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