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Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)
A coenzyme involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another; it consists of adenine base, ribose sugar, and phosphate groups.
Adenine
A purine base with a double ring structure that pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA via two hydrogen bonds.
Ribose
A five-carbon sugar molecule that forms part of the backbone of RNA, has one more oxygen atom than deoxyribose.
Phosphate Group
A molecule consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; it links the 5' carbon of one nucleotide to the 3' carbon of another.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A molecule that carries energy within cells; it has a ribose sugar, adenine base, and three phosphate groups.
Uracil
A pyrimidine base with a single ring structure that pairs with adenine in RNA via two hydrogen bonds and replaces thymine in DNA.
Guanine
A purine base with a double ring structure that pairs with cytosine in both DNA and RNA via three hydrogen bonds.
Cytosine
A pyrimidine base with a single ring structure that pairs with guanine in both DNA and RNA via three hydrogen bonds.
Deoxyribose
A five-carbon sugar molecule that forms part of the backbone of DNA, lacking an oxygen atom compared to ribose.
Thymine
A pyrimidine base with a single ring structure that pairs with adenine in DNA via two hydrogen bonds and is replaced by uracil in RNA.
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