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A condition wherein the placenta covers the cervix either partially or completely. Relevance: Can cause severe bleeding during pregnancy and childbirth, requiring careful monitoring and possibly cesarean delivery.

Irregular, often painless contractions that occur during pregnancy. Relevance: Sometimes confused with true labor, they help the uterus prepare for birth but are not a sign of imminent labor.

The process of the cervix thinning and stretching in preparation for childbirth. Relevance: A sign that labor is approaching; full effacement is necessary for the baby to pass through the birth canal.

A potentially dangerous condition where the embryo implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube. Relevance: Can lead to life-threatening complications if not diagnosed and treated early.

Vaginal discharge after giving birth, containing blood, mucus, and uterine tissue. Relevance: Normal part of the postpartum period; its characteristics can indicate how well the uterus is healing.

A complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes after giving birth. Relevance: Affects a mother's ability to care for and bond with her baby and can affect the family's well-being.

A condition in which the cervix dilates and effaces prematurely without pain or contractions. Relevance: Can lead to preterm birth or loss of an otherwise healthy pregnancy.

A quick test performed on a newborn at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Relevance: The score assess the health of the newborn and helps determine if immediate medical care is necessary.

A scoring system to assess the readiness of the cervix for induction of labor. Relevance: Helps in predicting whether induction of labor will be successful.

The number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of the outcome. Relevance: Helps to classify maternal health and prenatal care.

The number of pregnancies that have proceeded to 20 weeks or more, regardless of whether the baby was born alive or stillborn. Relevance: Indicates the number of times a woman has carried a pregnancy to a viable gestational age.

The distance from the pubic bone to the top of the uterus. Relevance: Used to estimate the gestational age of the fetus and monitor growth during pregnancy.

The age of the fetus or embryo from the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) to the current date. Relevance: Used to monitor the development and schedule appropriate tests during pregnancy.

A condition where a fetus is smaller than expected for the number of weeks of pregnancy. Relevance: Associated with increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and perinatal mortality.

A surgical procedure to deliver a baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. Relevance: Performed when vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk.

High blood pressure that develops as a direct result of pregnancy. Relevance: Can lead to preeclampsia, eclampsia, and other serious health problems.

A term used to describe signs that the fetus is not well, usually due to inadequate oxygen. Relevance: Can be an indication for urgent interventions such as cesarean delivery or other treatments to relieve distress.

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that causes contractions of the uterus. Relevance: Induces labor and reduces bleeding after delivery; administered synthetically as Pitocin.

A medical procedure used to sample the amniotic fluid around the fetus to test for genetic conditions and fetal infections. Relevance: Provides crucial information about fetal health and guides management of high-risk pregnancies.