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Fertility and Infertility Basics
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Fertility
The natural capability to conceive a child. It involves both male and female reproductive systems.
Infertility
A disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
Ovulation
The release of an egg from one of a woman's ovaries. It is a key phase in the menstrual cycle and occurs monthly.
Sperm Count
A measure of the concentration of sperm in a man's ejaculate, considered one of the indicators of male fertility.
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
All treatments that involve the handling of eggs and sperm to establish a pregnancy, including IVF and ICSI among others.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
A complex series of procedures used to help with fertility or prevent genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child.
Sperm Motility
The ability of sperm to move efficiently. High-quality motility allows sperm to travel through the female reproductive tract to fertilize an egg.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts on the outer edges. It is a common cause of infertility in women.
Semen Analysis
A test that assesses male fertility, including measurements of sperm count, motility, and morphology, among other parameters.
Hormone Testing
Checking levels of certain hormones in a person's blood to assess fertility health. Hormones tested can include FSH, LH, estrogen, and testosterone.
Endometriosis
A painful disorder where tissue similar to the tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus grows outside your uterus. It can affect fertility.
Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Charting
A method used to determine a woman's most fertile days by tracking her temperature over time to pinpoint ovulation.
Ovarian Reserve
Refers to the number and quality of eggs present in a woman's ovaries at any given time, an indicator of reproductive potential.
Sperm Morphology
The study of the size, shape, and appearance of sperm cells. It is a criterion in semen analysis that affects fertility.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
A specialized form of in vitro fertilization that involves directly injecting a single sperm into an egg to achieve fertilization.
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