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Pathophysiology: Presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity causing an inflammatory reaction. Symptoms: Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility.

Pathophysiology: Abnormal growth of placental tissue inside the uterus during or after pregnancy. Symptoms: Vaginal bleeding, high levels of hCG, and absence of fetal heart tones.

Pathophysiology: Inflammation of the vagina due to infections or hormonal changes. Symptoms: Vaginal discharge, itchiness, and burning.

Pathophysiology: Fluid-filled sacs within or on the surface of an ovary. Symptoms: Pelvic pain, bloating, and menstrual irregularities.

Pathophysiology: Abnormal growth of cells on the surface of the cervix that could lead to cervical cancer. Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic but may be detected on Pap smear.

Pathophysiology: Benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. Symptoms: Menorrhagia, pelvic pressure or pain, and reproductive issues.

Pathophysiology: Hormonal imbalance leading to anovulation and cyst formation in ovaries. Symptoms: Irregular menstrual periods, hirsutism, obesity, and infertility.

Pathophysiology: Infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by STIs. Symptoms: Lower abdominal pain, fever, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and pain during intercourse or urination.

Pathophysiology: Growth of endometrial tissue into the uterine muscle. Symptoms: Menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and enlarged uterus.

Pathophysiology: Chronic vulvar pain without an identifiable cause. Symptoms: Vulvar discomfort, burning, itching, or irritation.

Pathophysiology: Excessively heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. Symptoms: Menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding.

Pathophysiology: Descent of the uterus into or outside of the vaginal canal, occurring when pelvic floor muscles weaken. Symptoms: Feeling of heaviness or pulling in the pelvis, difficulty with urination, and uterine tissue protruding from vagina.

Pathophysiology: Inflammation of the cervix, often due to infection. Symptoms: Vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, and bleeding between periods or after sexual intercourse.

Pathophysiology: Loss of normal ovarian function before age 40. Symptoms: Irregular or missed periods, hot flashes, and infertility.