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The ovary is a key female reproductive organ responsible for producing oocytes (eggs) for fertilization and secreting hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone.

A follicle is a fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains an immature egg. It matures during the menstrual cycle and releases the egg during ovulation.

The corpus luteum forms from a follicle after ovulation, secreting progesterone and estrogen to maintain the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy.

Ovulation is the process in the menstrual cycle where a mature ovarian follicle releases an egg for fertilization.

The germinal epithelium is the outermost layer of the ovary, protecting underlying cells and contributing to the formation of the follicles.

The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte, playing a crucial role in fertilization by facilitating sperm binding and inducing sperm acrosome reactions.

Theca cells are found surrounding the follicle and are involved in the production of androgens, precursors to estrogens.

Granulosa cells are found inside the follicle, play a role in the maturation of the oocyte and produce estrogen during the follicular phase.

The ovarian stroma is the connective tissue component that forms the bulk of the ovary, containing blood vessels, nerves, and intercellular matrix.

The antrum is a fluid-filled cavity that forms within a follicle, aiding in the growth and development of the oocyte.

Oocyte maturation is the process by which an oocyte completes meiosis and becomes capable of being fertilized, following the luteinizing hormone surge.