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Vulvar and Vaginal Health

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

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Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but can cause genital warts and lead to cervical cancer. Prevention: HPV vaccine, safe sex practices, regular cervical screenings. Treatments: Warts can be treated with prescription creams or surgically removed; monitoring for cancer development.

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Vaginismus

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Symptoms: Involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles, pain during intercourse. Prevention: Cannot be prevented but can be managed with education and therapy. Treatments: Vaginal dilators, therapy, and sometimes Botox injections.

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Genital Herpes

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Symptoms: Painful blisters or ulcers on the genital area, itching, flu-like symptoms during outbreaks. Prevention: Safe sex, use of condoms, antiviral medication for infected persons. Treatments: Antiviral drugs to manage outbreaks.

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Vulvodynia

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Symptoms: Chronic vulvar pain, burning, or irritation. Prevention: Avoid irritants, practice good hygiene, and manage stress. Treatments: Medication, biofeedback therapy, and nerve block.

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Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

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Symptoms: Sudden high fever, low blood pressure, vomiting, and diarrhea. Prevention: Proper menstrual hygiene, using low-absorbency tampons, and changing them regularly. Treatments: Antibiotics, IV fluids, and sometimes surgery.

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Vaginal Atrophy

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Symptoms: Vaginal dryness, itching, and pain during intercourse. Prevention: Regular sexual activity, estrogen therapy post-menopause. Treatments: Lubricants, vaginal estrogen, and moisturizers.

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Endometriosis

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Symptoms: Painful periods, pelvic pain, and infertility. Prevention: Not preventable, but early treatment can reduce symptoms. Treatments: Pain relief medications, hormone therapy, and surgery for severe cases.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

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Symptoms: Irregular periods, hirsutism, acne. Prevention: Not preventable, but weight management can help reduce symptoms. Treatments: Birth control pills, anti-androgen medications, and lifestyle changes.

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Cervical Dysplasia

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Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, may be detected on Pap smear. Prevention: HPV vaccine, routine cervical screening, safe sex practices. Treatments: Monitoring, cryotherapy, or surgical removal of abnormal cells.

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Yeast Infection (Candidiasis)

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Symptoms: Itching, redness, and a white, clumpy discharge. Prevention: Maintain a healthy diet, avoid excessive antibiotic use, wear breathable underwear. Treatments: Antifungal medications (cream, tablets, or suppositories).

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Lichen Sclerosus

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Symptoms: White patches on the skin, severe itching, and pain. Prevention: Not preventable, but early treatment can alleviate symptoms. Treatments: Topical corticosteroids, ultraviolet light therapy, and sometimes surgery.

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Vulvar Cancer

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Symptoms: Itching, burning, a lump on the vulva, abnormal bleeding. Prevention: Avoid smoking, HPV vaccine, safe sex practices. Treatments: Surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

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Bacterial Vaginosis

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Symptoms: Fishy vaginal odor, gray-white vaginal discharge, and burning during urination. Prevention: Avoid douching, have safe sex, balance vaginal flora. Treatments: Antibiotics (metronidazole or clindamycin).

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Vaginal Fistula

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Symptoms: Abnormal connection between the vagina and another organ, leading to leakage of urine or feces from the vagina. Prevention: Safe childbirth practices, prompt treatment of infections. Treatments: Surgical repair.

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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

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Symptoms: Lower abdominal pain, fever, abnormal discharge, and pain during intercourse. Prevention: Safe sex practices, regular STI testing, and prompt treatment of infections. Treatments: Broad-spectrum antibiotics.

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