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Contraception and Family Planning
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Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Advantages: Long-term contraception, highly effective. Disadvantages: Can cause cramps or heavier periods, requires insertion by a healthcare provider. How it's used: Inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
Depo-Provera Injection
Advantages: Injectable every 3 months, may decrease menstrual cramps. Disadvantages: Requires clinic visit, can cause bone density loss. How it's used: A shot given by a healthcare provider every 3 months.
Implantable Rod
Advantages: Long-term use, highly effective. Disadvantages: Can cause irregular bleeding, requires insertion by healthcare provider. How it's used: A small rod inserted under the skin of the arm.
Female Condom
Advantages: Can be inserted hours before sex, STD protection. Disadvantages: Can be difficult to use correctly, less widely available. How it's used: Worn inside the vagina during intercourse.
Diaphragm
Advantages: Reusable, hormone-free. Disadvantages: Must be fitted, requires use with spermicide. How it's used: Inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix before intercourse.
Fertility Awareness Methods
Advantages: Natural, no side effects. Disadvantages: Requires diligent tracking, less effective. How it's used: Monitoring fertility signals like basal body temperature, cervical mucus, and menstrual cycle.
Male Condom
Advantages: Protects against STDs, widely available. Disadvantages: Possible breakage or slippage, may reduce sensitivity. How it's used: Worn on the penis during intercourse.
Breastfeeding/Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
Advantages: Natural, provides contraception postpartum. Disadvantages: Less reliable over time, requires exclusive breastfeeding. How it's used: Relying on the natural infertility that occurs when a woman exclusively breastfeeds.
Tubal Ligation
Advantages: Permanent, does not interrupt sex. Disadvantages: Requires surgery, irreversible. How it's used: Female sterilization procedure that involves cutting or sealing the fallopian tubes.
Vaginal Ring
Advantages: Monthly use, does not require daily attention. Disadvantages: Can cause vaginal irritation, not suitable for smokers over 35 years old. How it's used: A flexible ring inserted into the vagina that releases hormones to prevent pregnancy.
Spermicide
Advantages: Easy to use, hormone-free. Disadvantages: Less effective alone, can be messy. How it's used: Applied inside the vagina before intercourse to kill sperm.
Condom
Advantages: Protects against STDs, no prescription required. Disadvantages: Possible allergic reactions, may decrease sensation. How it's used: Worn on the penis during intercourse.
Oral Contraceptive Pills
Advantages: Highly effective with proper use, can reduce acne and menstrual cramps. Disadvantages: Must be taken daily, possible side effects like nausea or increased blood pressure. How it's used: Taken by mouth every day at the same time.
Vasectomy
Advantages: Permanent, doesn't affect hormone levels. Disadvantages: Surgical procedure, usually irreversible. How it's used: Male sterilization procedure that cuts the vas deferens.
Emergency Contraceptive Pills
Advantages: Useful after unprotected intercourse, OTC. Disadvantages: Not for regular use, possible side effects like fatigue. How it's used: Taken orally within a certain time after unprotected sex.
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