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Antibiotics and Their Uses
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Penicillin G
Treats gram-positive cocci infections, syphilis, acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Amoxicillin
Treats otitis media, pneumonia, Lyme disease, works by disrupting cell wall synthesis
Cephalexin
Treats skin infections, urinary tract infections, prevents heart valve infection, mechanism: bactericidal action on the bacterial cell wall
Vancomycin
Treats MRSA, C. difficile colitis, disrupts cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala
Doxycycline
Treats chlamydia, acne, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, works by inhibiting protein synthesis
Erythromycin
Used for pertussis, legionnaires' disease, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Azithromycin
Treats chlamydia, gonorrhea, macrolide, acts by inhibition of microbial protein synthesis
Clindamycin
Used for anaerobic infections, MRSA skin infections, inhibits ribosomal translocation
Metronidazole
Used for bacterial vaginosis, C. difficile, trichomoniasis, causes DNA strand breakage
Levofloxacin
Treats pneumonia, prostatitis, inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
Linezolid
Used for VRE, hospital-acquired pneumonia, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
Treats UTIs, PCP pneumonia, inhibits folate synthesis
Meropenem
Used for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections, broad-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance
Tobramycin
Treats Pseudomonas infections, aminoglycoside, works by inhibiting protein synthesis
Gentamicin
Used for gram-negative bacterial infections, sepsis, mechanism involves disrupting bacterial protein synthesis
Fidaxomicin
Treats C. difficile colitis by inhibiting bacterial RNA polymerase
Rifampin
Used to treat tuberculosis, leprosy, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Isoniazid
Treats tuberculosis by inhibiting mycolic acid synthesis
Daptomycin
Used for complicated skin infections, bacteremia, disrupts cell membrane potential
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Treats VRE faecium infections, mechanism: inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Nafcillin
Treats staphylococcal infections (except MRSA), acts by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Ciprofloxacin
Used for UTIs, gastrointestinal infections, works by inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Nitrofurantoin
Treats uncomplicated UTIs, damages bacterial DNA
Amikacin
Used for multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacilli, mechanism: inhibits protein synthesis
Moxifloxacin
Treats intra-abdominal infections, pneumonia, inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
Treats intra-abdominal infections, skin infections, extended-spectrum penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor
Tetracycline
Used for acne, Helicobacter pylori, acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
Minocycline
Treats acne, bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis
Colistin
Treats multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections, disrupts the bacterial cell membrane
Chloramphenicol
Treats typhoid fever, Rickettsial infections, inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
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