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Parasitic Infections and Their Effects

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Cysticercosis

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Symptoms can be seizures or muscle cysts. Treatment may involve antiparasitic drugs, corticosteroids, or surgery for neurocysticercosis.

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Pinworm Infections

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Symptoms include itching around the anus, disturbed sleep. Mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, or albendazole are used as treatments.

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Dracunculiasis

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Symptoms include blister formation, typically on the lower limbs, followed by the release of the worm. Treatment involves manual removal of the worm, pain relief, and wound care; no specific drug is effective.

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Toxoplasmosis

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Symptoms can include swollen lymph glands, muscle aches and pains that last for a month or more. Treatments often include pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine.

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Lymphatic Filariasis

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Symptoms include lymphedema, elephantiasis, and hydrocele. Treatments involve diethylcarbamazine (DEC), albendazole, and ivermectin.

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Tapeworm Infections

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Symptoms may include abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weight loss. Treatment is typically with praziquantel or niclosamide.

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Strongyloidiasis

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Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and rash. Treatment often consists of ivermectin or albendazole.

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Chagas Disease

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Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, body aches. Treatment options are benznidazole or nifurtimox.

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Trichomoniasis

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Symptoms typically include itching, burning, redness or soreness of the genitals, discomfort with urination. Metronidazole or tinidazole are treatments.

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Babesiosis

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Symptoms may include hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and kidney failure. Treatments include atovaquone plus azithromycin or clindamycin plus quinine.

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Ascariasis

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Symptoms can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, cough. Treatments usually involve albendazole, mebendazole, or ivermectin.

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Trichuriasis

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Symptoms can include painful or frequent stools containing blood. Treatment is typically with albendazole or mebendazole.

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Malaria

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Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Treatments involve antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine, artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs).

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Schistosomiasis

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Symptoms can include itchy skin, fever, and blood in stool or urine. Treatments usually involve praziquantel.

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Amebiasis

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Symptoms include diarrhea, stomach pain, stomach cramping, and liver abscess. Treatment involves metronidazole or tinidazole.

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African Trypanosomiasis

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Symptoms include fever, headaches, joint pains, and neurological problems. Treatments are based on the stage and include pentamidine or melarsoprol.

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Giardiasis

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Symptoms include diarrhea, gas, greasy stools, stomach cramps. Treatment is typically with metronidazole or tinidazole.

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Leishmaniasis

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Symptoms include skin sores, fever, low red blood cells. Treatments include liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine.

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Hookworm Infections

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Symptoms include itching and a localized rash, abdominal pain. Treatments often include albendazole or mebendazole.

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Cryptosporidiosis

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Symptoms include watery diarrhea, stomach cramps or pain, dehydration. Treatment is supportive care; antiretroviral therapy can be helpful in HIV/AIDS patients.

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