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Tropical Infectious Diseases
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Schistosomiasis
Symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stool. Transmission: Contact with freshwater containing parasitic worms. Regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South America, Caribbean, Middle East, and Southeast Asia.
Trypanosomiasis
Symptoms: Fever, headaches, joint pains; can progress to neurological symptoms. Transmission: Tsetse fly bites. Regions: Sub-Saharan Africa.
Loiasis
Symptoms: Swelling, itching, larvae visible moving across the eye. Transmission: Deer fly bites. Regions: Central and West Africa.
Typhoid Fever
Symptoms: High fever, abdominal pain, and rash. Transmission: Ingesting contaminated food or water. Regions: South Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, South America.
Lassa Fever
Symptoms: Fever, weakness, and bleeding in gums, eyes, or nose. Transmission: Contact with urine or droppings of infected Mastomys rats. Regions: West Africa, particularly Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea.
African Tick Bite Fever
Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and a characteristic black-centered rash. Transmission: Bites from infected ticks. Regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and rural areas of South and Central America.
Buruli Ulcer
Symptoms: Painless ulcerative skin lesions, can lead to extensive skin damage. Transmission: Contact with contaminated water or soil. Regions: West Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, and South America.
Chikungunya
Symptoms: Fever, joint pain, and rash. Transmission: Mosquito bites (Aedes species). Regions: Africa, Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
Chagas Disease
Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, body aches; can lead to chronic heart problems. Transmission: Contact with feces of infected triatomine bugs. Regions: Latin America, particularly South and Central America.
Filariasis
Symptoms: Lymphedema, elephantiasis, fever. Transmission: Mosquito bites. Regions: Asia, Africa, Central & South America, and Pacific Island nations.
Onchocerciasis
Symptoms: Itchy skin rash, nodules under the skin, vision impairment. Transmission: Blackfly bites. Regions: Africa, Latin America, Yemen.
Lymphatic Filariasis
Symptoms: Swelling of the limbs, scrotum; can lead to elephantiasis. Transmission: Mosquito bites. Regions: Southeast Asia, India, Africa, Pacific Islands.
Cholera
Symptoms: Severe diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. Transmission: Contaminated water or food. Regions: Africa, Southeast Asia, Haiti.
Tuberculosis
Symptoms: Persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats, fever. Transmission: Airborne respiratory droplets from an infected person. Regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and parts of Russia.
Malaria
Symptoms: Fever, chills, and sweating. Transmission: Mosquito bites (Anopheles species). Regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, parts of Central and South America.
Yellow Fever
Symptoms: Fever, chills, severe headache, and jaundice. Transmission: Mosquito bites (Aedes species). Regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, South America.
Zika Virus
Symptoms: Mild fever, rash, and conjunctivitis. Transmission: Mosquito bites (Aedes species), sexual contact, and from mother to fetus. Regions: Africa, Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, and the Americas.
Guinea Worm Disease
Symptoms: Painful blister on lower legs, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Transmission: Drinking water contaminated with infected water fleas. Regions: Remote areas of Central Africa, and South Sudan.
Dengue Fever
Symptoms: High fever, severe headache, and joint pain. Transmission: Mosquito bites (Aedes species). Regions: Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, Caribbean, and Latin America.
Leishmaniasis
Symptoms: Skin sores, fever, and spleen enlargement. Transmission: Sandfly bites. Regions: South Asia, East Africa, South and Central America, Mediterranean.
Trachoma
Symptoms: Irritation in the eyes, blurred vision, eventual blindness. Transmission: Direct contact with eye or nose secretions of infected, or contact with contaminated objects. Regions: Africa, Asia, Central and South America, Middle East, and Australia.
Hepatitis E
Symptoms: Jaundice, fatigue, and nausea. Transmission: Consumption of contaminated water. Regions: Central and Southeast Asia, North Africa, and Mexico.
Rabies
Symptoms: Fever, headache, excess salivation, muscle spasms, paralysis. Transmission: Bite from an infected animal. Regions: Asia, Africa, Central and South America.
Ebola Virus Disease
Symptoms: Fever, severe headache, muscle pain, and hemorrhaging. Transmission: Contact with blood or body fluids of infected people. Regions: Central and West Africa.
Plague
Symptoms: Fever, chills, swollen and painful lymph nodes. Transmission: Flea bites and contact with infected animals. Regions: Africa, parts of Asia and South America.
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