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Prion Diseases and Brain Health

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Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)

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Symptoms: Changes in temperament, coordination, and the ability to stand. Prognosis: Terminal. Impact on Brain: Spongiosis, gliosis, and amyloid plaque formation.

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Exotic Ungulate Encephalopathy

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Symptoms: Behavioral changes, ataxia, weight loss. Prognosis: Terminal. Impact on Brain: Spongiform change similar to other prion diseases affecting ungulates.

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Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)

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Symptoms: Weight loss, behavioral changes, excessive salivation in affected animals. Prognosis: Terminal. Impact on Brain: Spongiform changes and gliosis, similar to BSE.

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Ungulate Spongiform Encephalopathy

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Symptoms: Behavioral changes, ataxia, hypersensitivity. Prognosis: Terminal. Impact on Brain: Spongiform encephalopathy characterized by vacuolation of brain neurons.

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Feline Spongiform Encephalopathy (FSE)

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Symptoms: Behavioral changes, ataxia, aggression or lethargy. Prognosis: Terminal. Impact on Brain: Prion-induced neurodegeneration causing spongiform changes.

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Kuru

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Symptoms: Tremors, ataxia, emotional instability. Prognosis: Terminal, usually within a year of onset. Impact on Brain: Severe spongiform change, neuronal loss, and gliosis.

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Sporadic Fatal Insomnia (sFI)

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Symptoms: Insomnia, motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment. Prognosis: Terminal, typically within 8-18 months. Impact on Brain: Thalamic degeneration, similar to FFI but without a clear genetic cause.

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Scrapie

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Symptoms: Behavioral changes, itching, loss of coordination in sheep. Prognosis: Terminal. Impact on Brain: Spongiform change, astrocytic gliosis without significant neuronal loss.

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)

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Symptoms: Rapidly progressive dementia, muscle stiffness, myoclonus. Prognosis: Terminal, usually within one year. Impact on Brain: Spongiform changes, neuronal loss, and gliosis without inflammatory response.

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Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Syndrome (GSS)

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Symptoms: Ataxia, dementia, speech abnormalities. Prognosis: Terminal, course of disease ranges from 2 to 10 years. Impact on Brain: Multifocal spongiform degeneration and amyloid plaque deposition.

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Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD)

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Symptoms: Psychiatric disturbances, sensory symptoms, ataxia. Prognosis: Terminal, typically lasts longer than CJD. Impact on Brain: Similar to CJD with the presence of amyloid plaques in the brain.

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Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI)

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Symptoms: Insomnia, hallucinations, rapid weight loss. Prognosis: Terminal, typically within a year or two. Impact on Brain: Atrophy of the thalamus, with spongiform degeneration.

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Alpers Syndrome

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Symptoms: Seizures, liver dysfunction, progressive neurological deterioration. Prognosis: Terminal, often in childhood. Impact on Brain: Neuronal degeneration, gliosis in the brain, but not typically spongiform change.

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Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy (TME)

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Symptoms: Behavioral changes, ataxia, hyperexcitability in affected mink. Prognosis: Terminal. Impact on Brain: Spongiform degeneration, astrocyte proliferation.

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Baseball Finger

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Symptoms: Pain, swelling, inability to straighten the finger tip. Prognosis: Good with proper treatment. Impact on Brain: No direct impact on the brain, but related to physical trauma or repetitive injury.

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