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Cancer Imaging Modalities
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X-ray
Used to detect tumors in bones and some organs, often the first imaging test for cancer detection.
Ultrasound
Utilizes high-frequency sound waves to capture live images, useful for evaluating lumps found in breast cancer screening.
Computed Tomography (CT)
Combines multiple X-ray images to create cross-sectional views, essential for detecting tumors and monitoring response to treatment.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Employs magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images, particularly useful for brain and spinal cord tumors.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Detects metabolic activity and function of tissues, often combined with CT (PET/CT) for precise tumor localization.
Mammography
A specialized type of X-ray for breast cancer screening, able to detect tumors before they can be felt.
Nuclear Medicine Scans
Uses radioactive substances to visualize metabolic processes, including the presence and spread of cancer, such as bone scans for metastases.
Fluoroscopy
An imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images, used during biopsy to guide needle placement.
Endoscopy
A procedure using an endoscope to directly visualize the interior surfaces of an organ or tissue, also allows for biopsy.
Digital Tomosynthesis
Produces a 3D image of the breast, resulting in better tumor visualization than conventional 2D mammography.
Thermography
Uses infrared imaging to detect heat and blood flow patterns in body tissues, which can be altered in cancer.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Employs near-infrared light to capture micrometer-resolution images, used primarily for ophthalmology, skin, and sometimes gastrointestinal tract imaging.
Molecular Imaging
Visualizes biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels, aiding in early detection and targeted therapy strategies.
Photoacoustic Imaging
Combines optical and ultrasound imaging to provide functional and structural information about tissues, with potential application in cancer imaging.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Uses microbubble contrast agents to enhance ultrasound images, improving tumor detection and characterization.
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