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Presentation: Failure to thrive, fever, skin rash. Diagnosis: Complete blood count with differential, bone marrow biopsy, genetic testing for RAS pathway mutations. Treatment Strategies: Stem cell transplant, targeted therapy, clinical trials.

Presentation: Respiratory distress, chest pain, cough. Diagnosis: Chest imaging (CT, X-ray), biopsy, DICER1 mutation analysis. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.

Presentation: Abdominal distension, ascites, abdominal pain. Diagnosis: Imaging (CT, MRI), biopsy, EWS-WT1 fusion gene. Treatment Strategies: Debulking surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.

Presentation: Painless lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats. Diagnosis: Biopsy of lymph nodes, Reed-Sternberg cells. Treatment Strategies: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapies.

Presentation: Abdominal mass, jaundice, anorexia. Diagnosis: Imaging (ultrasound, CT), alpha-fetoprotein levels, biopsy. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, chemotherapy, liver transplantation.

Presentation: Café-au-lait spots, neurofibromas, Lisch nodules. Diagnosis: Clinical criteria, genetic testing for NF1 mutations, MRI. Treatment Strategies: Surveillance, surgery for complications, targeted therapy (e.g., MEK inhibitors).

Presentation: Abdominal mass, bone pain, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Diagnosis: Imaging (CT, MRI), urine catecholamines, biopsy. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.

Presentation: Abdominal swelling, hematuria, hypertension. Diagnosis: Ultrasound, CT scan, biopsy. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, chemotherapy, potentially radiation.

Presentation: Lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, mediastinal mass. Diagnosis: Lymph node biopsy, imaging, bone marrow examination. Treatment Strategies: Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant.

Presentation: Bone lesions, skin rash, diabetes insipidus. Diagnosis: Biopsy with immunostaining, imaging, pituitary function tests. Treatment Strategies: Chemotherapy, steroids, targeted therapy.

Presentation: Headache, seizures, focal neurological deficits. Diagnosis: MRI with contrast, biopsy, IDH1 mutation status. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (temozolomide).

Presentation: Unexplained weight loss, fevers, bone pain. Diagnosis: Blood count, bone marrow biopsy. Treatment Strategies: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant.

Presentation: Leukocoria, vision changes, strabismus. Diagnosis: Ophthalmologic exam, imaging (ultrasound, MRI), genetic testing for RB1 mutation. Treatment Strategies: Enucleation, chemotherapy, laser therapy.

Presentation: Bone pain or swelling, pathological fractures. Diagnosis: X-rays, MRI, bone biopsy. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, chemotherapy, limb-sparing procedures.

Presentation: Rapid neurological decline, headache, vomiting. Diagnosis: MRI with contrast, biopsy, molecular profiling (IDH, MGMT). Treatment Strategies: Surgery, concurrent radiotherapy and temozolomide, clinical trials.

Presentation: Anemia, bleeding, infection risk. Diagnosis: Blood smear, bone marrow biopsy. Treatment Strategies: Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant.

Presentation: Headache, vomiting, ataxia. Diagnosis: MRI with contrast, lumbar puncture. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy.

Presentation: Bone pain, fever, soft tissue mass. Diagnosis: Imaging (X-ray, CT, MRI), biopsy, EWRS1 gene rearrangement. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.

Presentation: Painful mass, urinary obstruction, proptosis. Diagnosis: Imaging (CT, MRI), biopsy, histopathology. Treatment Strategies: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy.