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Class: Antimetabolite, Mechanism: Prodrug converted to 5-FU in tumor cells, inhibits thymidylate synthase, Side Effects: Hand-foot syndrome, Diarrhea, Myelosuppression

Class: Vinca Alkaloid, Mechanism: Binds to tubulin, inhibiting microtubule formation and causing cell cycle arrest, Side Effects: Peripheral neuropathy, Constipation, Alopecia

Class: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase, Side Effects: Diarrhea, Rash, Interstitial lung disease

Class: Immunomodulatory Drug, Mechanism: Inhibits angiogenesis and modulates the immune system, Side Effects: Peripheral neuropathy, Sedation, Teratogenicity

Class: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits ALK and ROS1 tyrosine kinases, leading to the disruption of cell growth and proliferation, Side Effects: Visual disturbances, GI symptoms, Liver enzyme elevation

Class: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits PD-L1 on tumor cells and immune cells, potentiating T-cell response, Side Effects: Immune-related adverse effects, Fatigue, Pneumonitis

Class: Monoclonal Antibody, Mechanism: Binds to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inhibiting angiogenesis, Side Effects: Hypertension, Proteinuria, Hemorrhage

Class: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits HER2 and EGFR tyrosine kinases, Side Effects: Diarrhea, Rash, Hepatotoxicity

Class: MEK Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 downstream of BRAF, stopping cell proliferation in melanoma, Side Effects: Rash, Diarrhea, Ocular toxicity

Class: Antimetabolite, Mechanism: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, leading to depletion of thymidine and purines and hindering DNA synthesis, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Mucositis, Hepatotoxicity

Class: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator, Mechanism: Binds to estrogen receptors, preventing estrogen from binding and stimulating growth in breast tissue, Side Effects: Hot flashes, Risk of thromboembolism, Endometrial cancer

Class: Alkylating Agent, Mechanism: Covalently binds to DNA, causing cross-linking and preventing replication and transcription, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Hemorrhagic cystitis, Alopecia

Class: Proteasome Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits the 26S proteasome, causing protein accumulation and cell death, Side Effects: Peripheral neuropathy, Thrombocytopenia, Herpes zoster reactivation

Class: Antimetabolite, Mechanism: Inhibits thymidylate synthase, leading to thymine deficiency and disruption of DNA synthesis, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Mucositis, Diarrhea

Class: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits multiple receptors including VEGFR, PDGFR, and Raf kinases, suppressing tumor cell signaling and angiogenesis, Side Effects: Hand-foot syndrome, Diarrhea, Hypertension

Class: Topoisomerase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits topoisomerase I, leading to DNA damage during replication, Side Effects: Delayed diarrhea, Myelosuppression, Alopecia

Class: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Mechanism: Blocks the PD-1 receptor on T cells, enhancing the immune response against cancer cells, Side Effects: Immune-related adverse effects, Fatigue, Rash

Class: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits HDAC, altering gene expression and inducing cancer cell death, Side Effects: Diarrhea, Fatigue, QT prolongation

Class: Monoclonal Antibody, Mechanism: Binds to HER2/neu receptor, inhibiting proliferation of cells that overexpress the receptor, Side Effects: Cardiotoxicity, Infusion reactions, Pulmonary toxicity

Class: Topoisomerase II Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits topoisomerase II, causing DNA strand breaks and cell death, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Hypotension, Alopecia

Class: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits BCR-ABL and Src family kinases, effective in imatinib-resistant CML, Side Effects: Pleural effusion, Myelosuppression, Diarrhea

Class: BCL-2 Inhibitor, Mechanism: Binds to BCL-2 protein, promoting apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Diarrhea, Nausea

Class: Monoclonal Antibody, Mechanism: Targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) impeding cell growth, Side Effects: Acneiform rash, Hypomagnesemia, Infusion reactions

Class: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Mechanism: Binds CTLA-4 on T cells, enhancing immune activity, Side Effects: Immune-related side effects (colitis, hepatitis), Rash, Endocrinopathies

Class: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, Mechanism: Blocks PD-1 protein on cells, allowing the immune system to attack cancer cells, Side Effects: Immune-related side effects (colitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis), Thyroid dysfunction, Fatigue

Class: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases including VEGFR and PDGFR, reducing angiogenesis and tumor growth, Side Effects: Hypertension, Fatigue, Hand-foot syndrome

Class: Monoclonal Antibody, Mechanism: Binds to HER2, inhibiting dimerization and signaling; used in combination with trastuzumab for a more comprehensive blockade, Side Effects: Diarrhea, Cardiotoxicity, Infusion reactions

Class: BRAF Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits mutated BRAF V600E kinase, which drives cancer cell growth in melanoma, Side Effects: Fever, Hyperkeratosis, Squamous cell carcinoma

Class: Alkylating Agent, Mechanism: Methylates DNA, leading to DNA damage and cell death, crosses the blood-brain barrier, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Nausea and vomiting, Constipation

Class: Monoclonal Antibody, Mechanism: Targets CD20 antigen on B-lymphocytes and causes cell death, Side Effects: Infusion reactions, Infections, Cytopenias

Class: Taxane, Mechanism: Promotes tubulin assembly into stable microtubules and inhibits their disassembly, disrupting cell division, Side Effects: Peripheral neuropathy, Myelosuppression, Hypersensitivity reactions

Class: PARP Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits PARP enzymes, preventing DNA repair in cancer cells, especially BRCA-mutated cells, Side Effects: Anemia, Nausea, Fatigue

Class: Immunomodulatory Drug, Mechanism: Modulates the immune response and inhibits angiogenesis, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Venous thromboembolism, Teratogenicity

Class: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Mechanism: Inhibits BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Side Effects: Edema, Muscle cramps, Hepatotoxicity

Class: Antitumor Antibiotic, Mechanism: Causes DNA strand breaks through free radical formation, Side Effects: Pulmonary fibrosis, Skin changes, Hyperpigmentation

Class: Platinum-Containing Chemotherapy, Mechanism: Forms DNA cross-links, inhibiting DNA synthesis and transcription, Side Effects: Myelosuppression, Nausea and vomiting, Nephrotoxicity

Class: Anthracycline, Mechanism: Interferes with DNA and RNA synthesis by intercalating between DNA base pairs and inhibiting topoisomerase II, Side Effects: Cardiotoxicity, Myelosuppression, Alopecia