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Nutrition in Oncology
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Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Can lead to muscle wasting and immune dysfunction; management may include high protein supplementation and monitoring of nutrient intake.
Anorexia
Common in cancer patients; stimulates the intake of calorie-dense foods and uses medication to stimulate appetite.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Requires dietary adjustments and antiemetic medications; small, frequent meals may help.
Mucositis
Affects ability to eat; focus on soft foods and oral care, pain management may be necessary.
Dysgeusia
Altered taste can reduce appetite; strategies include flavor enhancement and trying cold or room temperature foods.
Xerostomia
Dry mouth can be relieved by sipping fluids, using saliva substitutes, and good oral hygiene.
Diarrhea
Important to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance; dietary modifications might include a low-fiber diet.
Constipation
Often due to medication; management includes increased fiber intake and use of laxatives or stool softeners as needed.
Febrile Neutropenia
Diet may need to be adjusted to avoid certain foods that carry a risk of infection, also, neutropenic precautions are applied.
Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer
Nutrition therapy focuses on swallowing difficulties; may require texture-modified foods or enteral nutrition.
Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency
Supplementation with pancreatic enzymes can help with nutrient absorption, may also require a specialized diet.
Gastrointestinal Surgery
Nutritional support is critical for recovery; post-surgery diet may start with clear liquids and gradually include more foods.
Radiation Enteritis
Inflammation of the intestines due to radiation can cause pain and malabsorption; a low-fiber diet might be recommended.
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
Management includes hydration, medications to lower calcium levels, and monitoring of calcium intake.
Cancer Cachexia
Characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting; management might involve appetite stimulants and a nutrient-dense diet.
Obesity and Cancer
Weight management can be important; focus on a balanced diet with regular physical activity.
Thiamine Deficiency
Can lead to neurological complications; thiamine supplementation and a balanced diet can help.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Common in cancer patients; management can include iron supplementation and incorporation of iron-rich foods.
Lactose Intolerance
Can arise during treatment; lactose-free alternatives and lactase enzyme supplements can be used.
Vitamin D Deficiency
Important for bone health; management includes supplementation and monitoring of blood levels.
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