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Nutrition in Oncology

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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

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Requires dietary adjustments and antiemetic medications; small, frequent meals may help.

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Constipation

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Often due to medication; management includes increased fiber intake and use of laxatives or stool softeners as needed.

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Obesity and Cancer

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Weight management can be important; focus on a balanced diet with regular physical activity.

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Anorexia

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Common in cancer patients; stimulates the intake of calorie-dense foods and uses medication to stimulate appetite.

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Diarrhea

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Important to maintain hydration and electrolyte balance; dietary modifications might include a low-fiber diet.

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Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer

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Nutrition therapy focuses on swallowing difficulties; may require texture-modified foods or enteral nutrition.

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Iron-Deficiency Anemia

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Common in cancer patients; management can include iron supplementation and incorporation of iron-rich foods.

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Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency

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Supplementation with pancreatic enzymes can help with nutrient absorption, may also require a specialized diet.

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Gastrointestinal Surgery

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Nutritional support is critical for recovery; post-surgery diet may start with clear liquids and gradually include more foods.

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Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

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Management includes hydration, medications to lower calcium levels, and monitoring of calcium intake.

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Cancer Cachexia

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Characterized by weight loss and muscle wasting; management might involve appetite stimulants and a nutrient-dense diet.

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Mucositis

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Affects ability to eat; focus on soft foods and oral care, pain management may be necessary.

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Febrile Neutropenia

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Diet may need to be adjusted to avoid certain foods that carry a risk of infection, also, neutropenic precautions are applied.

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Dysgeusia

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Altered taste can reduce appetite; strategies include flavor enhancement and trying cold or room temperature foods.

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Xerostomia

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Dry mouth can be relieved by sipping fluids, using saliva substitutes, and good oral hygiene.

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Radiation Enteritis

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Inflammation of the intestines due to radiation can cause pain and malabsorption; a low-fiber diet might be recommended.

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Vitamin D Deficiency

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Important for bone health; management includes supplementation and monitoring of blood levels.

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Thiamine Deficiency

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Can lead to neurological complications; thiamine supplementation and a balanced diet can help.

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Protein-Energy Malnutrition

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Can lead to muscle wasting and immune dysfunction; management may include high protein supplementation and monitoring of nutrient intake.

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Lactose Intolerance

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Can arise during treatment; lactose-free alternatives and lactase enzyme supplements can be used.

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