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Involves drugs that target specific genes or proteins that are found in cancer cells or in cells related to cancer growth, like blood vessel cells.

A treatment that uses a drug, called a photosensitizer or photosensitizing agent, and a particular type of light to kill cancer cells.

A treatment that boosts the body's own immune system to fight cancer. It includes monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, and cancer vaccines.

Used to slow or stop the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors by blocking the body's ability to produce hormones or by interfering with hormone action.

A procedure that restores blood-forming stem cells in patients who have had theirs destroyed by the very high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy that were used to treat their cancer.

A type of radiation therapy that uses protons rather than X-rays to treat cancer. The main advantage is that protons can be more precisely controlled, which allows higher doses focused on the tumor while sparing healthy tissue.

A treatment where a concentrated dose of radiation is delivered directly to the tumor or tumor bed during surgery, helping to minimize the risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

A novel treatment that involves altering the genetic material within a patient's cells to fight or prevent disease. Potential applications in oncology include making cancer cells more susceptible to drugs or the immune response.

A treatment that uses high-intensity light to treat cancer cells, often used for tumors that are on the surface or for tumors that are just inside the body such as in the lining of internal organs.

A treatment that uses high-energy particles or waves to destroy or damage cancer cells. Often used for localized tumors, and can be external or internal (brachytherapy).

A precision treatment that uses high frequency sound waves to heat and destroy cancer cells. It's typically used for localized prostate cancer.

A medical procedure that replaces bone marrow that is either not working properly or has been destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation with healthy bone marrow stem cells.

A physical intervention that removes cancer from the body. It is often used when the cancer is localized and can be removed without significant damage to other tissues.

Substances made from living organisms or their products that can help the immune system recognize and fight cancer cells more effectively, similar to immunotherapy.

A treatment that kills cancer cells by freezing them with a cold substance, usually liquid nitrogen. It is often used for external tumors or abnormal cells on the surface of the skin or internal organs.

A treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs.

These treatments block the growth of new blood vessels to tumors (a process known as angiogenesis), which starves the tumor of the necessary oxygen and nutrients to grow.

A type of treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells. It is used for various types of cancer and can be administered orally, intravenously, or through other methods.

A minimally invasive procedure that uses heat generated by radio waves to destroy cancer cells. It is often used for treating small tumors in organs like the liver, kidney, and lungs.