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Surgical removal of the tumor and a contiguous portion of tissue around it, without cutting into the tumor or disrupting the tumor capsule.

An extensive surgical procedure that involves removal of the tumor as well as surrounding tissues of a body cavity, such as the pelvis or orbit.

The edge or border of tissue removed during cancer surgery. A 'clear' margin means no cancer cells are found at the outer edge, indicating that all cancer has been removed.

A surgical procedure to remove one or more groups of lymph nodes to determine or stop the spread of cancer.

Use of high-frequency electrical currents to cut through tissue and/or cauterize blood vessels to minimize bleeding during tumor removal.

A surgical approach that combines cancer surgery and plastic surgery techniques to remove cancerous tissue and reconstruct affected parts of the body, particularly in breast cancer.

Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer will come back. It may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy.

Diagnostic procedure to identify and remove the first lymph node(s) into which a primary tumor drains (sentinel nodes) to check for the presence of cancer cells.

Treatment given before the main treatment. In cancer surgery, it can include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy to reduce the size of a tumor before surgical removal.

Surgery performed to restore the appearance or function of a part of the body after cancer surgery, such as in breast reconstruction after a mastectomy.

A procedure that involves removal of a body part or tissue, which can include amputation, mastectomy, or oophorectomy when treating cancers.

Surgery to reduce the size of a tumor when complete resection isn't possible, to alleviate symptoms or enhance the efficacy of adjuvant therapies.

Surgical removal of metastatic tumors, which are secondary tumors that have spread from the primary site to other parts of the body.

The removal of or destruction of tissue using a laser, often used to treat cancers on the surface of the body or the lining of internal organs by vaporizing cancer cells.

A highly concentrated, heated chemotherapy treatment that is delivered directly to the abdomen during surgery, used primarily for advanced abdominal cancers.

A form of radiotherapy where a radiation source is placed inside or next to the area requiring treatment, such as using radioactive seeds in prostate cancer.

A surgical procedure aimed at removing the primary tumor, all involved lymph nodes, and any surrounding tissue that may contain cancer cells.

The removal of an entire lump or suspicious area for the purpose of diagnosis, often followed by microscopic examination of the tissue.

Surgery that is done to relieve symptoms or improve quality of life rather than to cure the disease. Often used when the cancer is too widespread to be completely removed.

Removal of a sample of tissue from a body part for diagnosis. The sample may represent the most suspicious part of a tumor when it can't be completely removed.

Surgery performed using robotic systems that enhance precision, flexibility, and control during the operation, allowing for minimally invasive procedures.

The use of extreme cold produced by liquid nitrogen or argon gas to destroy abnormal tissue, including cancer cells.

A micrographic surgery used to treat skin cancer where thin layers of cancer-containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer-free tissue remains.

Surgery performed after other forms of treatment have failed to eliminate the cancer or when cancer recurs after treatment.