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Hematologic Malignancies Overview

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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

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A slow-growing cancer that often affects older adults, characterized by accumulation of functionally incompetent lymphocytes. Common treatments include monoclonal antibodies, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs.

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Hairy Cell Leukemia

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A rare, slow-growing leukemia characterized by hairy-looking B cells. Common treatments include cladribine or pentostatin with good prognosis.

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Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)

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The most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, aggressive and rapidly growing, but potentially curable with combination chemotherapy (CHOP) and rituximab.

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

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This malignancy is characterized by the overproduction of immature lymphoid cells, predominantly affecting children. Treatment often includes chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and stem cell transplant.

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Multiple Myeloma

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A cancer of plasma cells that often results in bone pain and fractures. Treatments include stem cell transplants, chemotherapy, and proteasome inhibitors.

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Polycythemia Vera

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A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells. Treatment can involve phlebotomy, hydroxyurea, and JAK2 inhibitors.

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Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

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Characterized by rapid growth of abnormal myeloid cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with normal blood cell production. Common treatments include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplant.

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Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

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A large group of blood cancers that include any type of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas. Treatments can vary widely but may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.

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Myelodysplastic Syndromes

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Characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis leading to blood cytopenias. Treatments can include supportive care, chemotherapy, or stem cell transplant.

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B-cell Lymphoma

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Includes several subtypes like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma, often treated with combination chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies like rituximab.

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T-cell Lymphoma

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A diverse group of aggressive lymphomas that derive from T cells. Treatments can include combination chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, and newer agents like pralatrexate.

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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

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Marked by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome and increased proliferation of predominantly mature myeloid cells. Treatments typically involve tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib).

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Essential Thrombocythemia

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Marked by overproduction of platelets leading to increased risk of clotting or bleeding. Treatment may include hydroxyurea, anagrelide, and aspirin.

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Follicular Lymphoma

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An indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in B cells, it's often managed with a watch-and-wait approach but may require chemoimmunotherapy or radiotherapy.

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Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

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A group of disorders characterized by the overproduction of one or more types of blood cells. Treatment may include phlebotomy, JAK2 inhibitors, or interferon alpha.

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Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

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A rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that produces excessive amounts of IgM antibodies. Treatments include rituximab, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies.

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Primary Myelofibrosis

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A myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis and anemia. Treatments include JAK2 inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and stem cell transplant.

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Hodgkin Lymphoma

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Distinguished by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, this malignancy usually starts in lymph nodes. Treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.

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Mantle Cell Lymphoma

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A subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma marked by the presence of t(11;14) translocation. Treatment usually involves chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and sometimes stem cell transplant.

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Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

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A disorder where immune system cells called Langerhans cells build up in the body leading to tumor formation. Treatment is based on the extent of disease and may include chemotherapy or targeted therapy.

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