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Cancer is small and contained within the organ it started in.

No regional lymph node involvement.

Cancer has not started to spread into surrounding tissue but the tumor is larger than in Stage I. Sometimes, cancer cells are also found in the lymph nodes.

Cancer cells are found in nearby lymph nodes, typically small and in a limited number of nodes.

Presence of distant metastasis cannot be assessed.

Cancer has spread to distant organs beyond the primary site and regional lymph nodes.

A cancer staging system used to describe the extent of cancer. P for Pathologic stage, T for Tumor size, N for Node involvement, and M for Metastasis.

Cancer has spread to more lymph nodes and the nodes may be larger than the earlier N stages.

Abnormal cells are present but have not spread to nearby tissue. Also called in situ, or CIS.

Tumor is larger than the T1 criteria but has not spread to adjacent structures.

Tumor is even larger than T2 or has begun to spread to nearby tissues.

Tumor is limited in size and extent; specific dimensions vary by cancer type.

Tumor has spread into nearby structures and is considered large.

No distant metastasis is found.

Cancer is larger and has possibly started to spread to surrounding tissues and/or the lymph nodes in the area.

More lymph nodes are involved, and/or the size of cancer in the lymph nodes is larger than in N1.

Primary tumor cannot be assessed.

Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed.

A grading system for the tumor based on its microscopic appearance, including how much the tumor cells resemble healthy cells, and helps determine the tumor's growth rate.