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Allergies in Otolaryngology

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Allergic Rhinitis

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Common allergens: Pollen, dust mites, and pet dander. Symptoms: Sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and sinus pressure. Treatment options: Nasal corticosteroids, antihistamines, and immunotherapy.

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Pet Dander Allergy

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Common allergens: Skin flakes (dander), saliva, and urine of furry pets. Symptoms: Nasal congestion, eye irritation, and wheezing. Treatment options: Pet-free zones, HEPA filters, and allergy medications.

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Anaphylaxis

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Common allergens: Peanuts, insect stings, medications, and latex. Symptoms: Severe allergic reaction, difficulty breathing, drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Treatment options: Immediate epinephrine injection, emergency medical attention, and avoidance of known allergens.

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Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction

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Common triggers: Cold air, dry air, and air pollution during exercise. Symptoms: Wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath during or after exercise. Treatment options: Pre-exercise medication (like an inhaler), warming up before exercise, and wearing a mask if needed.

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Insect Sting Allergy

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Common allergens: Venom from stings of bees, wasps, hornets, or yellow jackets. Symptoms: Swelling at the sting site, anaphylaxis, and stomach cramps. Treatment options: Venom immunotherapy, avoidance of insects, and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector.

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Angioedema

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Common allergens: Foods, medications, and insect stings. Symptoms: Swelling beneath the skin, abdominal cramping, and difficulty breathing. Treatment options: Avoidance of known triggers, antihistamines, and corticosteroids.

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Eosinophilic Esophagitis

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Common allergens: Food allergens like milk, eggs, wheat, and soy. Symptoms: Difficulty swallowing, food impaction, and chest pain. Treatment options: Dietary management, corticosteroids, and acid suppressants.

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Contact Dermatitis

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Common allergens: Nickel, rubber, and poison ivy. Symptoms: Red rash, itching, and blisters. Treatment options: Topical corticosteroids, cool compresses, and oral antihistamines.

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Dust Mite Allergy

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Common allergens: Dust mite droppings and body fragments. Symptoms: Postnasal drip, cough, and pressure in the face. Treatment options: Allergen-proof bed covers, HEPA filters, and oral or nasal corticosteroids.

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Food Allergy in ENT

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Common allergens: Peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, and dairy. Symptoms: Swelling of lips, tongue, and throat, difficulty swallowing, and hives. Treatment options: Avoiding allergenic foods, carrying an epinephrine auto-injector, and consulting an allergist.

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Urticaria (Hives)

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Common allergens: Foods, medications, and insect bites. Symptoms: Red, itchy welts on the skin, and angioedema in some cases. Treatment options: Oral antihistamines, avoiding known triggers, and omalizumab for chronic cases.

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Chemical Sensitivity

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Common allergens: Fragrances, cleaning agents, and cigarette smoke. Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, and respiratory problems. Treatment options: Avoidance of triggers, use of unscented products, and supportive care as needed.

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Latex Allergy

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Common allergens: Latex products such as gloves, balloons, and medical devices. Symptoms: Itching, redness, and swelling at the site of contact, hives, and difficulty breathing. Treatment options: Avoiding latex products, using latex-free alternatives, and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector.

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Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

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Common allergens: Pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods. Symptoms: Dry, itchy skin, red patches, and scaling. Treatment options: Moisturizing skin care, topical corticosteroids, and avoiding irritants.

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Pollen Allergy

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Common allergens: Tree, grass, and weed pollen. Symptoms: Sneezing, runny or itchy nose, and nasal congestion. Treatment options: Antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, and allergy shots (Immunotherapy).

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Mold Allergy

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Common allergens: Mold spores from damp areas. Symptoms: Itchy eyes, sneezing, and coughing. Treatment options: Antifungal treatments, dehumidifiers, and avoiding damp areas.

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Drug Allergy

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Common allergens: Antibiotics, NSAIDs, and certain vaccines. Symptoms: Hives, facial swelling, wheezing, and anaphylactic shock. Treatment options: Discontinuing the drug, alternative medications, and carrying an epinephrine auto-injector.

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Occupational Asthma

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Common allergens: Dust, dyes, animal substances, and chemicals used in various industries. Symptoms: Cough, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Treatment options: Identifying and avoiding triggers, inhaled corticosteroids, and bronchodilators.

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Nonallergic Rhinitis

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Common triggers: Smoke, pollution, strong odors, and changes in weather. Symptoms: Nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose. Treatment options: Nasal ipratropium, nasal corticosteroids, and antihistamines if sneezing or itchiness present.

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Cosmetic Allergy

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Common allergens: Fragrances, preservatives, and hair dye chemicals. Symptoms: Contact dermatitis, swelling, and itching. Treatment options: Use of hypoallergenic products, topical corticosteroids, and patch testing to identify allergens.

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