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Diseases of the Throat

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Aphthous Ulcers in the Throat

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Symptoms include small, painful, round sores in the throat. Treatment includes symptomatic relief with mouthwashes, topical anesthetics, and corticosteroids.

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Tonsillitis

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Symptoms include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and swollen tonsils. Treatment options are antibiotics for bacterial infections and pain relievers for viral infections.

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Esophagitis

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Symptoms can include painful swallowing, heartburn, and acid regurgitation. Treatment may involve acid blockers, diet changes, and sometimes surgery.

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Throat Burn

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Symptoms result from injury by hot liquids or chemicals, leading to pain, swelling, and blistering. Treatment includes pain management and careful monitoring for complications.

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Laryngitis

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Symptoms are hoarseness, weak voice or voice loss, and throat pain. Typically treated with rest, hydration, and avoiding irritants.

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Throat Trauma

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Symptoms from injury include pain, bleeding, and difficulty breathing or swallowing. Immediate medical evaluation is necessary, treatment varies with the cause and severity.

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Epiglottitis

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Symptoms include severe sore throat, fever, and difficulty breathing. It requires immediate medical attention; treated with antibiotics and sometimes emergency airway support.

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Vocal Cord Polyps

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Symptoms include hoarseness, breathy voice, and sometimes throat pain. Treatment primarily involves surgery and voice therapy.

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Diphtheria

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Symptoms are a thick, gray coating on the throat and tonsils, sore throat, and difficulty breathing. Treated with antitoxin and antibiotics; vaccination is preventive.

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Tracheitis

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Symptoms include cough, difficulty breathing, and stridor. It often needs hospitalization and is treated with antibiotics and possibly surgery.

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Eagle Syndrome

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Symptoms from an elongated styloid process include throat pain, sensation of a foreign body in the throat, and dysphagia. Treated conservatively or with surgery.

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Peritonsillar Abscess

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Symptoms are severe throat pain, fever, and difficulty opening the mouth. Treated with antibiotics, drainage, and sometimes tonsillectomy.

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Postnasal Drip

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Symptoms include a sensation of mucus flowing from the nose to the throat, frequent throat clearing, and coughing. Treatment includes decongestants, antihistamines, and nasal sprays.

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Croup

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Symptoms are a distinctive barking cough, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing. Most common in children and treated with humidified air and sometimes corticosteroids.

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Lemierre's Syndrome

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Symptoms include sore throat, fever, and swelling of the neck. Treated with long-term antibiotics and sometimes surgery to drain abscesses.

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Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS)

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Symptoms resemble a sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes appearing 1-4 weeks after HIV infection. Managed with antiretroviral therapy.

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Throat Cancer

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Symptoms like a persistent sore throat, hoarseness, and a lump in the throat. Treatment can include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

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Pharyngitis

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Symptoms include a scratchy sore throat and pain when swallowing. Treatment usually involves symptom management; antibiotics if bacterial.

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Strep Throat

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Symptoms include severe sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Treated with antibiotics and symptom relief measures.

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Throat Ulcers

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Symptoms include painful sores in the throat, difficulty swallowing, and sometimes fever. Treatment focuses on the cause and may include antacids, antibiotics, or antivirals.

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

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Symptoms are chronic heartburn, throat irritation, and regurgitation. Treated with lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery.

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Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)

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Symptoms include hoarseness, throat clearing, and the sensation of a lump in the throat. Managed with dietary changes, medications, and sometimes surgery.

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Vocal Cord Nodules

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Symptoms are hoarseness, voice changes, and a scratchy throat. Treatment involves voice therapy and avoiding vocal strain; sometimes surgery.

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Zenker's Diverticulum

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Symptoms are difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of undigested food, and bad breath. Treated with endoscopic or surgical intervention.

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Thyroid Nodules

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Symptoms might include a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness. Treatments range from observation to surgery depending on the type and size.

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