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Diseases of the Throat
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Aphthous Ulcers in the Throat
Symptoms include small, painful, round sores in the throat. Treatment includes symptomatic relief with mouthwashes, topical anesthetics, and corticosteroids.
Tonsillitis
Symptoms include sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and swollen tonsils. Treatment options are antibiotics for bacterial infections and pain relievers for viral infections.
Esophagitis
Symptoms can include painful swallowing, heartburn, and acid regurgitation. Treatment may involve acid blockers, diet changes, and sometimes surgery.
Throat Burn
Symptoms result from injury by hot liquids or chemicals, leading to pain, swelling, and blistering. Treatment includes pain management and careful monitoring for complications.
Laryngitis
Symptoms are hoarseness, weak voice or voice loss, and throat pain. Typically treated with rest, hydration, and avoiding irritants.
Throat Trauma
Symptoms from injury include pain, bleeding, and difficulty breathing or swallowing. Immediate medical evaluation is necessary, treatment varies with the cause and severity.
Epiglottitis
Symptoms include severe sore throat, fever, and difficulty breathing. It requires immediate medical attention; treated with antibiotics and sometimes emergency airway support.
Vocal Cord Polyps
Symptoms include hoarseness, breathy voice, and sometimes throat pain. Treatment primarily involves surgery and voice therapy.
Diphtheria
Symptoms are a thick, gray coating on the throat and tonsils, sore throat, and difficulty breathing. Treated with antitoxin and antibiotics; vaccination is preventive.
Tracheitis
Symptoms include cough, difficulty breathing, and stridor. It often needs hospitalization and is treated with antibiotics and possibly surgery.
Eagle Syndrome
Symptoms from an elongated styloid process include throat pain, sensation of a foreign body in the throat, and dysphagia. Treated conservatively or with surgery.
Peritonsillar Abscess
Symptoms are severe throat pain, fever, and difficulty opening the mouth. Treated with antibiotics, drainage, and sometimes tonsillectomy.
Postnasal Drip
Symptoms include a sensation of mucus flowing from the nose to the throat, frequent throat clearing, and coughing. Treatment includes decongestants, antihistamines, and nasal sprays.
Croup
Symptoms are a distinctive barking cough, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing. Most common in children and treated with humidified air and sometimes corticosteroids.
Lemierre's Syndrome
Symptoms include sore throat, fever, and swelling of the neck. Treated with long-term antibiotics and sometimes surgery to drain abscesses.
Acute Retroviral Syndrome (ARS)
Symptoms resemble a sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes appearing 1-4 weeks after HIV infection. Managed with antiretroviral therapy.
Throat Cancer
Symptoms like a persistent sore throat, hoarseness, and a lump in the throat. Treatment can include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
Pharyngitis
Symptoms include a scratchy sore throat and pain when swallowing. Treatment usually involves symptom management; antibiotics if bacterial.
Strep Throat
Symptoms include severe sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Treated with antibiotics and symptom relief measures.
Throat Ulcers
Symptoms include painful sores in the throat, difficulty swallowing, and sometimes fever. Treatment focuses on the cause and may include antacids, antibiotics, or antivirals.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Symptoms are chronic heartburn, throat irritation, and regurgitation. Treated with lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery.
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)
Symptoms include hoarseness, throat clearing, and the sensation of a lump in the throat. Managed with dietary changes, medications, and sometimes surgery.
Vocal Cord Nodules
Symptoms are hoarseness, voice changes, and a scratchy throat. Treatment involves voice therapy and avoiding vocal strain; sometimes surgery.
Zenker's Diverticulum
Symptoms are difficulty swallowing, regurgitation of undigested food, and bad breath. Treated with endoscopic or surgical intervention.
Thyroid Nodules
Symptoms might include a lump in the neck, difficulty swallowing, and hoarseness. Treatments range from observation to surgery depending on the type and size.
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