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Purpose: To alleviate chronic ear infections or fluid buildup in the middle ear. Description: A surgical procedure where a small incision is made in the eardrum to drain fluid and ventilation tubes are inserted to keep the middle ear aerated.

Purpose: To remove all or part of the thyroid gland. Description: Surgical procedure to remove the thyroid gland which may be required due to cancer, nodules, hyperthyroidism, or goiter.

Purpose: To correct a deviated septum that may cause breathing difficulties or nasal congestion. Description: Surgical procedure to straighten the nasal septum, the barrier between the nostrils, which might be crooked due to birth defect or injury.

Purpose: To remove the larynx often due to cancer, and prevent the disease from spreading. Description: Surgery to remove all or part of the voice box (larynx), which requires rerouting the airway to create a stoma.

Purpose: To provide a sense of sound to a person who is profoundly deaf or severely hard of hearing. Description: Surgical procedure that implants a small electronic device into the cochlea in the inner ear to stimulate the auditory nerve.

Purpose: To remove infected air cells within the mastoid bone due to mastoiditis or cholesteatoma. Description: Surgical procedure that removes diseased mastoid air cells, which are situated behind the ear.

Purpose: To improve hearing in patients with otosclerosis. Description: Surgical removal of the stapes bone in the middle ear, and replacement with a prosthesis to help sound reach the inner ear.

Purpose: To remove the adenoids if they're enlarged or causing chronic infections. Description: Surgical removal of the adenoids, lymphatic tissue located in the nasopharynx, typically performed under general anesthesia.

Purpose: To improve the shape, position, or proportion of the ear. Description: Aesthetic surgery to correct deformities or irregularities of the outer ear, such as 'bat ears'.

Purpose: To restore normal drainage of the sinuses. Description: A minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a nasal endoscope to open the pathways of the sinuses to improve sinus ventilation.

Purpose: To remove a part or all of the parotid gland due to tumors or other abnormalities. Description: Surgery involving the removal of the parotid gland, the largest of the salivary glands, which is located below the ear.

Purpose: To treat obstructive sleep apnea by removing excess tissue in the throat. Description: Surgery that removes tissue from the rear of the mouth and top of the throat, may include the tonsils and adenoids.

Purpose: To reconstruct the eardrum or small bones of the middle ear. Description: Surgery to repair perforated tympanic membrane (eardrum) or ossicles, potentially improving hearing.

Purpose: To repair or reshape the nose. Description: Can be cosmetic or reconstructive surgery aimed at changing the appearance of the nose, improving breathing or both.