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Ear Infections and Treatments

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Tympanosclerosis

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Common causes: Chronic ear infections, previous ear surgeries. Symptoms: White plaques on tympanic membrane, hearing loss. Treatment options: Observation, hearing aids, surgery in severe cases.

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Mastoiditis

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Common causes: Untreated or severe middle ear infection. Symptoms: Pain behind the ear, swelling, fever. Treatment options: Intravenous antibiotics, surgery, myringotomy.

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Otitis Externa (Swimmer's Ear)

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Common causes: Water in ear canal, bacterial infection. Symptoms: Ear pain, itchiness, discharge. Treatment options: Ear drops, avoiding water in ear, pain relief.

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Chronic Otitis Media

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Common causes: Repeated ear infections, poor Eustachian tube function. Symptoms: Persistent ear discharge, hearing loss. Treatment options: Surgery, antibiotics, ear drops.

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Vestibular Neuronitis

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Common causes: Viral infection of the vestibular nerve. Symptoms: Sudden vertigo, nausea, balance problems. Treatment options: Corticosteroids, vestibular rehabilitation, balance exercises.

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Otosclerosis

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Common causes: Abnormal bone growth around the stapes. Symptoms: Progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, balance issues. Treatment options: Hearing aids, sodium fluoride tablets, stapedectomy surgery.

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Meniere's Disease

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Common causes: Unknown, possibly related to fluid balance in the inner ear. Symptoms: Vertigo episodes, hearing loss, tinnitus. Treatment options: Diuretics, low-salt diet, vestibular therapy.

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Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

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Common causes: Bacterial or viral infections. Symptoms: Ear pain, fever, and irritability. Treatment options: Observation, antibiotics, pain management.

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Herpes Zoster Oticus (Ramsay Hunt Syndrome)

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Common causes: Reactivation of varicella zoster virus. Symptoms: Painful rash around the ear or on the face, hearing loss, vertigo. Treatment options: Antiviral medication, corticosteroids, pain management.

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Barotrauma

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Common causes: Rapid changes in air pressure, scuba diving. Symptoms: Discomfort, ear pain, possible hearing loss. Treatment options: Yawning, swallowing maneuvers, autoinflation.

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Bullous Myringitis

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Common causes: Mycoplasma pneumoniae, viral infections. Symptoms: Blistering on the eardrum, severe pain, temporary hearing loss. Treatment options: Pain management, antibiotics if bacterial, observation.

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Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

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Common causes: Allergies, sinus infections, common cold. Symptoms: Muffled hearing, ear pain, feeling of fullness. Treatment options: Nasal decongestants, steroids, sometimes surgery.

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Cholesteatoma

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Common causes: Abnormal skin growth in middle ear, repeated infections. Symptoms: Ear discharge, hearing loss, discomfort. Treatment options: Surgery to remove growth, antibiotics for infections, regular monitoring.

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Foreign Body in Ear

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Common causes: Small objects inserted into the ear canal. Symptoms: Pain, discomfort, hearing loss. Treatment options: Manual removal by a professional, irrigation, suction.

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Acoustic Trauma

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Common causes: Exposure to loud noises, explosions. Symptoms: Temporary or permanent hearing loss, tinnitus. Treatment options: Avoiding noise exposure, sound therapy, hearing protection.

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Fungal Ear Infection (Otomycosis)

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Common causes: Fungal agents, moist environments. Symptoms: Itching, flaky skin, discomfort. Treatment options: Antifungal medications, keeping ear dry, avoiding use of Q-tips.

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Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

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Common causes: Aftermath of AOM, allergies. Symptoms: Feeling of fullness in the ear, hearing problems. Treatment options: Observations, nasal steroids, sometimes auto inflation.

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Labyrinthitis

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Common causes: Viral infections, after common cold. Symptoms: Vertigo, balance disturbance, hearing loss. Treatment options: Antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, physical therapy.

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Otitis Media with Perforation

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Common causes: Severe AOM, injury. Symptoms: Sudden relief of pain followed by discharge, potential hearing loss. Treatment options: Protect ear from water, antibiotics, possible surgical repair.

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Ruptured Eardrum

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Common causes: Loud sounds, head trauma, sudden pressure changes. Symptoms: Sharp ear pain, ringing or buzzing, hearing loss. Treatment options: Patching the eardrum, surgery, avoiding water and infection risks.

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