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Description: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms: Hoarseness, chronic cough, breathing difficulties. Treatment options: Surgical removal of papillomas, antiviral medications, and voice therapy.

Description: Involuntary spasm of the vocal cords, causing a temporary block in the airway. Symptoms: Sudden difficulty breathing, noisy breathing, anxiety. Treatment options: Reassuring the patient, immediate airway management, and treatment of underlying causes.

Description: Swelling of the laryngeal tissues, often as a reaction to allergy, infection, or injury. Symptoms: Breathing difficulty, stridor, voice changes. Treatment options: Address underlying cause, corticosteroids to reduce swelling, and in emergencies, intubation or tracheotomy.

Description: A neurological disorder affecting voice muscles in the larynx. Symptoms: Tremors in the voice, spasms causing breaks in the voice, hoarseness. Treatment options: Botulinum toxin injections to reduce spasms, voice therapy, and occasionally surgery.

Description: Narrowing of the laryngeal airway due to scar formation or other anomalies. Symptoms: Difficulty breathing, stridor, frequent respiratory infections. Treatment options: Endoscopic surgery to remove scar tissue, laryngeal reconstruction, tracheostomy for severe cases.

Description: Inflammation of the larynx, commonly due to infection or overuse. Symptoms: Hoarseness, loss of voice, throat pain. Treatment options: Resting the voice, hydration, and in cases of bacterial infection, antibiotics.

Description: An abnormal air-filled dilation of the saccule that extends into the laryngeal ventricle. Symptoms: Neck swelling, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing. Treatment options: Surgical excision, monitoring if asymptomatic, and address predisposing factors like excessive coughing.

Description: Injury to the larynx from external force, burns, or intubation. Symptoms: Pain, hoarseness, breathing difficulties. Treatment options: Maintaining airway patency, surgical repair, and voice therapy.

Description: Malignant tumors in the larynx, frequently associated with tobacco and alcohol use. Symptoms: Persistent hoarseness, sore throat, and ear pain. Treatment options: Radiation therapy, surgery (partial or total laryngectomy), and chemotherapy.

Description: Benign lesions on the vocal cords often resulting from prolonged vocal abuse. Symptoms: Hoarseness, irregular voice quality, and possible breathing difficulty. Treatment options: Voice therapy, surgical removal, and avoidance of irritants.

Description: Benign growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal strain. Symptoms: Hoarseness, breathy voice, and a rough vocal quality. Treatment options: Voice therapy, surgery in persistent cases, and vocal rest.

Description: Immobility of the vocal cord(s) due to nerve damage. Symptoms: Hoarseness, breathy voice, swallowing difficulties. Treatment options: Voice therapy, surgical interventions such as medialization thyroplasty, and in some cases, vocal cord reinnervation.

Description: Congenital softening of the laryngeal tissues leading to airway collapse. Symptoms: Stridor, feeding difficulties, poor weight gain in infants. Treatment options: In mild cases, monitoring until the condition resolves with growth; in severe cases, surgical intervention.

Description: Thin membrane that forms across the vocal cords, usually congenital. Symptoms: High-pitched breathing, hoarseness, difficulty vocalizing. Treatment options: Surgical removal of the web, tracheostomy in severe cases, and speech therapy post-operatively.