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Famous Psychologists

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Sigmund Freud

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Developed the psychoanalytic theory; concepts such as the id, ego, and superego; stages of psychosexual development.

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B.F. Skinner

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Formulated the principles of operant conditioning; invented the Skinner Box; behavior modification techniques.

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Jean Piaget

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Known for his theory of cognitive development; identified stages such as the sensorimotor and preoperational stages.

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Carl Rogers

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Developed client-centered therapy; emphasized unconditional positive regard, empathy, and self-actualization.

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Ivan Pavlov

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Discovered classical conditioning through his experiments with dogs; concept of conditioned reflexes.

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Albert Bandura

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Proposed social learning theory; known for the Bobo doll experiment, demonstrating observational learning.

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Erik Erikson

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Developed the theory of psychosocial development; posited eight stages of human development, each with its own crisis.

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John B. Watson

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Founded behaviorism; believed in the dominance of the environment over heredity; Little Albert experiment.

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Abraham Maslow

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Developed the hierarchy of needs; proposed the concept of self-actualization.

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Noam Chomsky

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Criticized behaviorist theories of language; proposed the theory of generative grammar; concepts of universal grammar and language acquisition device.

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Carl Jung

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Developed analytical psychology; concepts of the collective unconscious, archetypes, and introversion/extroversion.

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Established the first psychology laboratory; considered the father of experimental psychology; introspection and structuralism.

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Lev Vygotsky

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Cultural-historical psychology; zone of proximal development (ZPD); social interaction plays a fundamental role in cognitive development.

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Philip Zimbardo

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Conducted the Stanford prison experiment; research on the power of social roles and situational forces.

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Elizabeth Loftus

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Research on human memory, especially the malleability of memories and the misinformation effect.

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Alfred Kinsey

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Pioneered research on human sexuality; published the Kinsey Reports; developed the Kinsey scale.

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Gordon Allport

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Known for trait theory of personality; cardinal, central, and secondary traits.

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Walter Mischel

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Challenged the notion of consistent personality traits with his marshmallow test and research on self-control.

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Donald Hebb

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Proposed Hebb's law ('neurons that fire together, wire together'); contributions to neuropsychology and understanding of synaptic plasticity.

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Urie Bronfenbrenner

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Developed the ecological systems theory to explain how the inherent qualities of a child and the characteristics of the external environment interact to influence how the child will grow and develop.

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