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Explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own and others' behavior, focusing on internal vs. external attributions.

Proposes that a person’s sense of who they are is based on their group membership(s), and this sense of belonging can lead to in-group favoritism.

Suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and beliefs in harmony and avoid disharmony (dissonance).

Indicates that individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

Suggests that performance improves when in the presence of others for tasks we find easy, and worsens for tasks we find difficult.

A prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.

Asserts that social behavior is the result of an exchange process, aiming to maximize benefits and minimize costs.

A psychological state where individuals lose self-awareness and self-restraint, often leading to uninhibited and sometimes destructive behavior.

Holds that people can learn new behaviors and attitudes through observation of others (modeling), even without direct reinforcement.

Occurs when a group makes faulty decisions due to group pressures, leading to a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment.

Refers to being at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one's group.