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Pyramid of human needs, from the most basic physiological needs up to self-actualization. Application involves ensuring basic needs are met before expecting higher-level motivation.

Distinguishes between hygiene factors (which can cause dissatisfaction if not addressed) and motivators (which can cause satisfaction). Application is to improve job satisfaction and motivation by addressing both factors.

Emphasizes the role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Key concepts include competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Application involves creating environments that support these three psychological needs.

Motivation is determined by the expectation of a reward, the value of the reward, and the perceived effort-reward probability ($V = E \times I \times V$). Application involves aligning rewards with desired performance.

Focuses on the fairness of reward distribution. People are motivated when they perceive that they are treated equitably. Application involves ensuring fair work policies and reward systems.

Specific and challenging goals lead to higher performance. The application of this theory includes setting clear, achievable, and measurable goals.

Motivation arises from biological or physiological needs that drive behavior to meet those needs. Applications include using incentives to reduce drives.