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Sensory memory is the shortest-term element of memory, acting as the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system. It is capable of holding a vast amount of information, but only for a very short period of time (typically less than a second for visual items, and a few seconds for auditory items).

Short-term memory (STM) is a limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for about 20-30 seconds. It can hold about 7 +/- 2 items. Encoding in STM tends to be acoustically-based (based on sound).

Working memory is a system for temporarily storing and managing the information required to carry out complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension. It includes a central executive, phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and episodic buffer.

Long-term memory is the continuous storage of information that is not conscious but can be made conscious when needed. It's relatively permanent and practically unlimited in terms of its capacity. It includes explicit (declarative) and implicit (non-declarative) memory with various subdivisions.