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A learning process that pairs a neutral stimulus with an unconditional stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Key theorist: Ivan Pavlov.

A method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior. Key theorist: B.F. Skinner.

Learning that occurs within a social context by observing and imitating others. Key theorist: Albert Bandura.

Focuses on the inner mental activities to understand human learning. Suggests that learning is influenced by psychological processes. Key theorist: Jean Piaget.

A theory that asserts people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Key theorist: Lev Vygotsky.

A theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Key theorists: John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner.

A theory that explains intellectual development as a process of connection between various ideas and objects. Key theorist: Edward Thorndike.

Emphasizes the personal worth of the individual and the centrality of human values. Key theorist: Carl Rogers.

Posits that learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Key theorist: David Kolb.

Suggests that both visual and verbal information are processed differently and along distinct channels in the human mind, creating separate representations for information processed in each channel. Key theorist: Allan Paivio.

A process where individuals question and critically examine their beliefs, often leading to changes in consciousness. Key theorist: Jack Mezirow.