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An in-depth investigation of an individual, group, or event. Use this method to gather detailed, qualitative insights into complex issues that may not be well understood.

Observing subjects in their natural environment without interference. Ideal for studying behaviors as they unfold in real-life settings.

Gathering data from a large number of respondents via questionnaires or interviews. Use this method to collect data on attitudes, beliefs, experiences, or behaviors from a larger sample.

Research that follows the same subjects over a prolonged period. This method helps in understanding how variables change over time.

Research that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time. Use it for quick data collection to assess the prevalence of an outcome.

A method involving the manipulation of variables to test a hypothesis. This method establishes cause-and-effect relationships.

Investigating the relationship between two variables to determine whether they occur together or not in a systematic way. Used to identify trends or patterns in data.

An empirical study that resembles an experimental method but does not include random assignment to conditions. Suitable when ethical or practical barriers prevent full experimental control.

A statistical method that combines the results of several studies addressing a set of related research hypotheses. Ideal for pooling data and deriving conclusions.