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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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Physiological Needs
Basic requirements for human survival (e.g., water, food, shelter, clothing, sleep), which are necessary before higher-level needs can be satisfied. If not met, may lead to an increase in behaviors driven by these deficits (e.g., focus on finding food or water).
Safety Needs
Needs related to personal and financial security, health and well-being, and against accidents/illness. Safety needs help to stabilize one's life. Lack of these leads to increase stress and anxiety, which motivates safety-seeking behaviors (e.g., seeking a secure employment, savings accounts, insurance policies).
Love and Belonging Needs
These are social needs that involve emotionally-based relationships in general, such as friendship, trust, acceptance, receiving and giving love and affection. Unmet social needs can lead to feelings of loneliness and social anxiety, driving behaviors aimed at connection (e.g., forming relationships, participating in community/socia events).
Esteem Needs
Needs associated with self-esteem, self-respect, and respect from others. These include the desire for strength, competence, mastery, self-confidence, independence, and freedom. The absence of these needs can lead to an inferiority complex and helplessness, motivating behaviors that seek recognition and respect (e.g., pursuit of status, achievement).
Self-Actualization Needs
This is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy and refers to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. A lack of fulfillment in this area leads to feelings of stagnation and lack of purpose, which may drive behavior toward personal development and creative endeavors.
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