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A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a reflexive response. In Pavlov's experiments, the food served as the unconditioned stimulus.

An unlearned reaction that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus. Pavlov observed salivation as the unconditioned response to food.

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually triggers a conditioned response. In Pavlov's work, the bell became the conditioned stimulus after being paired with the presentation of food.

A learned response to the conditioned stimulus that occurs after conditioning. In Pavlov's experiments, this was the dogs’ salivation in response to the bell.

The phase of classical conditioning where the association between the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus is being learned. Pavlov found this during the phase where the bell and food were presented together.

The diminishing of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus. Pavlov observed extinction when the bell was rung without presenting the dogs with food.

The reappearance of a weakened conditioned response after a pause following extinction. Pavlov noted that after a time of no bell and no food, the dogs would still salivate to the sound of the bell.

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. In Pavlov's experiments, dogs would salivate to sounds that resembled the conditioned bell.

The learned ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. Pavlov's dogs learned to discriminate the sound of the bell from other sounds.