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Altruism and Cooperation in Animals

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Kin Selection

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An evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.

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Reciprocal Altruism

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A behavior whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time.

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Eusociality

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The highest level of organization of animal sociality, characterized by, among other things, division of labor and cooperative brood care.

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Vervet Monkey Alarm Calls

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Vervet monkeys give specific alarm calls that warn fellow monkeys of the presence of predators, at a potential risk to the caller.

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Stickleback Fish Cooperative Defense

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Male stickleback fish often join forces to repel intruders and protect their nesting area.

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Food Sharing in Chimpanzees

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Chimpanzees share food with other members of their group, which may promote social bonding and establish hierarchies.

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Pack Hunting in Wolves

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Wolves hunt in packs to take down prey that would be too large or dangerous for a single wolf to handle alone.

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Coalitional Support in Dolphins

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Dolphins form coalitions to defend against predators, gain access to mates, and compete for resources.

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Meerkat Sentinel Behavior

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Meerkats take turns acting as a sentinel, keeping watch for predators while others forage or rest.

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Blood Sharing in Vampire Bats

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Vampire bats regurgitate blood to feed roost mates that have failed to feed, which may be reciprocated in the future.

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Helpers-at-the-nest

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In some bird species, offspring from previous broods will help raise their younger siblings by bringing food and protecting the nest.

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Grooming in Primates

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Primates engage in social grooming which reduces stress, reinforces social structures, and helps keep the coat clean.

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Bee Waggle Dance

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A form of communication in bees where they share information about the direction and distance of resources like food or new nesting sites.

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Humpback Whale Bubble Netting

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Humpback whales work together to create 'bubble nets' that trap schools of fish, making it easier for the whales to feed.

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Gestation Calls in Belding's Ground Squirrels

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Females call to alert their group to predators during gestation period, increasing the chance of survival for their young even at a risk to themselves.

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Mobbing Behavior in Birds

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Several species of birds come together to mob a predator, harassing it to drive it away from their nesting area.

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Hygienic Behavior in Honeybees

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Honeybees remove diseased and dead individuals from the hive, minimizing the spread of disease and parasites within the colony.

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Oxpecker and Large Mammal Symbiosis

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Oxpeckers feed on ticks and other parasites found on large mammals; in return, these birds provide a cleansing service and may alert the host to danger.

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Elephant Protective Herding

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Elephants form a protective circle around calves when threatened by predators or during harsh weather conditions.

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Collaborative Breeding in Acorn Woodpeckers

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Acorn woodpeckers live in large groups where several females may lay eggs in the same nest and work together to raise the young.

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