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The highest level of organization of animal sociality, characterized by, among other things, division of labor and cooperative brood care.

Honeybees remove diseased and dead individuals from the hive, minimizing the spread of disease and parasites within the colony.

Vampire bats regurgitate blood to feed roost mates that have failed to feed, which may be reciprocated in the future.

Elephants form a protective circle around calves when threatened by predators or during harsh weather conditions.

Dolphins form coalitions to defend against predators, gain access to mates, and compete for resources.

Chimpanzees share food with other members of their group, which may promote social bonding and establish hierarchies.

A form of communication in bees where they share information about the direction and distance of resources like food or new nesting sites.

Humpback whales work together to create 'bubble nets' that trap schools of fish, making it easier for the whales to feed.

Acorn woodpeckers live in large groups where several females may lay eggs in the same nest and work together to raise the young.

An evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.

Wolves hunt in packs to take down prey that would be too large or dangerous for a single wolf to handle alone.

In some bird species, offspring from previous broods will help raise their younger siblings by bringing food and protecting the nest.

Females call to alert their group to predators during gestation period, increasing the chance of survival for their young even at a risk to themselves.

Oxpeckers feed on ticks and other parasites found on large mammals; in return, these birds provide a cleansing service and may alert the host to danger.

Meerkats take turns acting as a sentinel, keeping watch for predators while others forage or rest.

Primates engage in social grooming which reduces stress, reinforces social structures, and helps keep the coat clean.

A behavior whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time.

Vervet monkeys give specific alarm calls that warn fellow monkeys of the presence of predators, at a potential risk to the caller.

Male stickleback fish often join forces to repel intruders and protect their nesting area.