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Animal Mating Systems

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Monogamy

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A mating system in which one male and one female form an exclusive mating relationship for a period of time.

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Polygyny

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A mating system where a male mates with several females.

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Polyandry

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A mating system where a female mates with several males.

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Promiscuity

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A mating system where both males and females have multiple mating partners in a given breeding season.

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Serial monogamy

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A mating system where an individual has only one mate at a time, but multiple mates over the course of its lifetime.

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Lekking

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A reproductive strategy where males gather in a specific area to display for females.

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Resource defense polygyny

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A system where males control resources that are attractive to females, thereby gaining mating opportunities with multiple females.

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Mate guarding

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A reproductive strategy where a male stays close to a female to prevent other males from mating with her.

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Extra-pair copulation

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A strategy where an individual mates with a partner outside their primary mating pair.

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Altruistic mating

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A mating strategy where an individual improves the reproductive success of relatives, often at a cost to their own reproduction.

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Cooperative breeding

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A system where individuals help raise offspring that are not their own, usually within a family group.

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Eusociality

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The extreme of social organization, with individuals specialized into reproductive and non-reproductive castes.

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Sneaker males

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Males that adopt alternative mating strategies to sneak copulations without confronting dominant males.

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Satellite males

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Males that stay near attractive males to intercept females that are drawn to the displays of those males.

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Sex role reversal

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A situation where the typical mating roles are opposite, with females competing for males.

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Brood parasitism

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A reproductive strategy where one species lays its eggs in the nest of another species.

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Harem polygyny

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A system where one male controls access to a group of females, defending them from other males.

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Female defense polygyny

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A system closely related to resource defense, where males primarily guard the females directly.

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Explosive breeding

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A reproductive pattern where individuals gather in large numbers for a short, intense period of mating activity.

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Sequential hermaphroditism

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A reproductive system where an individual changes sex during its lifetime.

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Arena mating

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Similar to lekking, but the competitive displays involve physical locations that are defended by males.

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Protandry

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A strategy where an individual starts life as a male and transitions to a female.

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Protogyny

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A strategy where an individual starts life as a female and transitions to a male.

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Polygynandry

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A system where multiple males and multiple females mate to form a breeding network.

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Bachelor groups

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Groups composed of unpaired males that live together and may cooperate or compete for access to females.

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