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Animal Mating Systems
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Monogamy
A mating system in which one male and one female form an exclusive mating relationship for a period of time.
Polygyny
A mating system where a male mates with several females.
Polygynandry
A system where multiple males and multiple females mate to form a breeding network.
Polyandry
A mating system where a female mates with several males.
Serial monogamy
A mating system where an individual has only one mate at a time, but multiple mates over the course of its lifetime.
Explosive breeding
A reproductive pattern where individuals gather in large numbers for a short, intense period of mating activity.
Extra-pair copulation
A strategy where an individual mates with a partner outside their primary mating pair.
Resource defense polygyny
A system where males control resources that are attractive to females, thereby gaining mating opportunities with multiple females.
Mate guarding
A reproductive strategy where a male stays close to a female to prevent other males from mating with her.
Protogyny
A strategy where an individual starts life as a female and transitions to a male.
Promiscuity
A mating system where both males and females have multiple mating partners in a given breeding season.
Cooperative breeding
A system where individuals help raise offspring that are not their own, usually within a family group.
Satellite males
Males that stay near attractive males to intercept females that are drawn to the displays of those males.
Eusociality
The extreme of social organization, with individuals specialized into reproductive and non-reproductive castes.
Sneaker males
Males that adopt alternative mating strategies to sneak copulations without confronting dominant males.
Sequential hermaphroditism
A reproductive system where an individual changes sex during its lifetime.
Protandry
A strategy where an individual starts life as a male and transitions to a female.
Bachelor groups
Groups composed of unpaired males that live together and may cooperate or compete for access to females.
Harem polygyny
A system where one male controls access to a group of females, defending them from other males.
Lekking
A reproductive strategy where males gather in a specific area to display for females.
Arena mating
Similar to lekking, but the competitive displays involve physical locations that are defended by males.
Brood parasitism
A reproductive strategy where one species lays its eggs in the nest of another species.
Altruistic mating
A mating strategy where an individual improves the reproductive success of relatives, often at a cost to their own reproduction.
Sex role reversal
A situation where the typical mating roles are opposite, with females competing for males.
Female defense polygyny
A system closely related to resource defense, where males primarily guard the females directly.
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