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The method by which an animal, using various behaviors, marks and defends its territory against others of the same species.

A type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences. Key concepts in operant conditioning are reinforcement, punishment, and extinction.

A hierarchical system of social organization in birds, as well as in many other animals, that dictates the order in which the animals have access to resources.

A sensory system used by some animals to navigate and to find food by emitting sounds and listening for their echoes bouncing off objects.

A mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females, but each female only mates with a single male.

A mating system characterized by a pair bond between two individuals who mate and often cooperate in raising offspring.

A mental representation which serves an individual to acquire, code, store, recall, and decode information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment.

A strategy in birds where the parasitic bird lays its eggs in the nests of other bird species, employing the host to incubate and raise its young.

A simple form of learning in which an animal stops or decreases its responses to a repetitive stimulus that neither harms nor benefits the animal.

The end goal behavior that directly satisfies a biological drive, such as eating when hungry or drinking when thirsty.

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

The regular, long-distance movement of animals from one area to another, often driven by changes in season, food availability, or breeding habitat.

A behavior that reduces an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another individual.

Learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating behavior observed in others.

A model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food, assuming that animal behaviors are shaped to maximize their energy intake per unit of time.

A form of natural selection that favors the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction.

A type of learning occurring at a particular life stage that is rapid and apparently independent of the consequences of behavior.

The preparatory behavior that animals exhibit as they work towards satisfying a basic biological drive, such as hunger or thirst.

A sequence of unlearned, innate behaviors that is unchangeable and, once initiated, usually carried to completion.