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Predator-Prey Interactions
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Camouflage
The ability of an animal to blend in with its surroundings to avoid detection.
Mimicry
A form of defense where a harmless species imitates the warning signals of a harmful species to avoid predation.
Aposematism
The use of bright coloring to warn predators that an organism is toxic, venomous, or otherwise harmful.
Startle Display
A sudden change in an animal's appearance designed to scare off or momentarily distract a predator.
Playing Dead
A defense mechanism where an animal lies motionless as if dead to avoid attention from predators.
Flight
An animal's primary defense mechanism by escaping from predators rapidly.
Intimidation
A tactic where an animal makes itself appear larger or more dangerous to ward off attackers.
Chemical Defense
The use of toxic or noxious substances to deter predators.
Mobbing
A behavior in which members of a prey species aggressively chase away a predator.
Batesian Mimicry
A type of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species to deter predators.
Cryptic Behavior
The actions that animals take to avoid detection, such as remaining motionless or hiding.
Armor
A physical adaptation involving thick, hardened parts of the body that protect an animal from predators.
Müllerian Mimicry
A form of mimicry where two or more harmful species resemble each other, augmenting the warning signal.
Pursuit and Ambush
A hunting technique where predators either chase down prey or lie in wait for it.
Herding and Cooperative Hunting
Predators working together to manipulate and capture prey.
Venom
A toxic substance used by some animals to incapacitate or kill their prey.
Stotting
A jumping behavior seen in some prey animals which may signal to predators that the prey is not worth pursuing.
Tool Use
Using objects in the environment to accomplish tasks such as hunting.
Patrolling and Territoriality
A behavior where animals aggressively defend a territory to maintain exclusive access to resources.
Distraction Display
A behavior where an animal draws a predator's attention away from a vulnerable target, often its young.
Alarm Calling
Vocalizations made to alert conspecifics of the presence of a predator.
Evasive Swimming
Aquatic animals rapidly changing direction or speed to escape predators.
Echolocation
Predators using sound to locate prey by the echoes returned.
Baiting
Using a lure or decoy to attract and catch prey.
Group Defense
Prey forming groups to decrease the likelihood of individual attack.
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