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Comparative Psychology Key Figures

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Charles Darwin

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Pioneered the theory of evolution, highlighting the role of natural selection and the continuity of species, which implied a continuity in mental processes across species.

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George John Romanes

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Developed the method of anecdotal evidence and introspection by analogy to understand animal intelligence and mental processes.

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C. Lloyd Morgan

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Introduced Morgan's Canon, a principle that suggests simpler explanations for animal behavior should be prioritized over more complex interpretations.

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Edward L. Thorndike

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Conducted experimental studies on animal learning and established the Law of Effect.

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Margaret Floy Washburn

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Authored 'The Animal Mind' and became the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology, providing significant contributions to the study of animal behavior and cognition.

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Konrad Lorenz

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Co-founder of ethology and known for his work on imprinting and behavioral instincts in animals.

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Niko Tinbergen

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Developed the four questions of ethology, providing a framework for understanding animal behavior in terms of its causation, development, evolution, and function.

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Karl von Frisch

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Discoverer of the honeybee waggle dance and its role in communication, significantly advancing the understanding of animal behavior.

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Donald Griffin

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Introduced the concept of cognitive ethology and the study of animal consciousness, and discovered echolocation in bats.

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B.F. Skinner

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Developed operant conditioning and the Skinner box, providing a controlled method of studying animal behavior.

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Ivan Pavlov

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Famous for his work on classical conditioning, establishing the principles of associative learning in dogs.

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Robert Yerkes

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Pioneered the comparative study of primates and advocated for the ethical treatment of research animals.

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Jane Goodall

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Conducted revolutionary fieldwork on chimpanzee behavior and society, challenging previous notions of primate intelligence.

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Frans de Waal

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His work on primate behavior, particularly regarding empathy, cooperation, and fairness, has greatly contributed to our understanding of social intelligence in animals.

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Temple Grandin

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Her work improved the livestock industry by designing humane handling systems, informed by her insights into animal behavior and perception.

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Irene Pepperberg

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Conducted extensive research on language learning in parrots, particularly with an African Grey parrot named Alex, significantly advancing our understanding of bird cognition.

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Dian Fossey

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Her studies focused on the life and behavior of mountain gorillas, which helped to inform conservation strategies and broaden our understanding of primate social structures.

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Birute Galdikas

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Her contributions to the study and preservation of orangutans have illuminated aspects of their behavior, social structure, and intelligence.

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John B. Watson

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Founder of behaviorism, he argued for the study of observable behavior over internal phenomena and influenced approaches to animal behavior research.

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William James

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Although better known for his work in philosophy and human psychology, his ideas influenced early comparative psychology by considering the evolutionary continuity of mental processes.

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