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Animal Navigation and Migration

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Star Navigation

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Sea turtles use the stars to navigate the ocean. They have an internal sense of the earth's magnetic field but also use the constellations to travel long distances.

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Magnetic Field Sensing

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Many birds, such as homing pigeons, can detect the Earth's magnetic field and use it to navigate across long distances during migration.

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Solar Navigation

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Monarch butterflies use the position of the sun as a compass, allowing them to migrate thousands of miles from North America to Central Mexico.

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Polarized Light Detection

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Some insects, like the desert ant, can navigate by detecting the polarized light pattern in the sky, which helps them to find their way back to their nest over featureless terrain.

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Olfactory Navigation

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Salmon use their sense of smell to return to their natal stream from the ocean when it's time to spawn. They imprint on the unique chemical signature of their birthplace.

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Electric Field Navigation

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Some shark species can detect electric fields emitted by their prey using specialized organs called ampullae of Lorenzini.

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Infrasound Use

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Elephants may use infrasound, which is sound below the human range of hearing, to communicate over long distances and potentially to navigate.

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Celestial Navigation

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Dung beetles use the light of the Milky Way to navigate and move in a straight line as they roll dung balls away from the pile.

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Echolocation

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Bats and marine mammals like dolphins use echolocation by emitting sound waves and interpreting the returning echoes to navigate and hunt for prey.

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Visual Landmark Use

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Honeybees use visual landmarks to navigate to and from their hive, communicating location information to other bees through a 'waggle dance'.

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Hydrodynamic Trail Following

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Some aquatic animals, like sea lions, can follow the hydrodynamic trails of their prey using their sensitive whiskers (vibrissae) to detect water movements.

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Thermal Navigation

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Certain birds of prey, such as vultures, use thermal updrafts to glide long distances with minimal energy expenditure while searching for food.

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Optical Flow

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Flying insects, like flies, use optical flow (the pattern of apparent motion of objects), which is generated by their movement in the environment, to regulate their flight speed.

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Nocturnal Navigation

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Night-flying birds, including some species of migratory songbirds, use the stars for orientation during their nocturnal migration.

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Philopatry

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Many animals, such as sea turtles and salmon, exhibit philopatry, where they return to their birthplace to breed.

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Lunar Orientation

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Some night-migrating birds and marine animals like zooplankton use the moon's light and its reflection on the water's surface to orient themselves.

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Wind Assistance

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Migratory birds, such as geese, use wind patterns to assist their long-distance travel by choosing routes with favorable winds.

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Bioluminescence Cues

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Some deep-sea creatures, like certain species of fish and squid, use bioluminescence to navigate in the darkness of the ocean depths.

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Barometric Pressure Sensing

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Birds, such as the bar-tailed godwit, may use changes in barometric pressure to anticipate weather changes and adapt their migratory patterns accordingly.

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Tidal Navigation

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Horseshoe crabs use the lunar cycle and tides to determine the optimal time for spawning on beaches.

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