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Function: Stores the cell's genetic material. Description: A membrane-bound organelle that contains the organism's DNA, responsible for regulating gene expression.

Function: Protein and lipid synthesis. Description: An extensive network of membranes composed of both regions with ribosomes (rough ER) and without (smooth ER).

Function: Produce ATP through cellular respiration. Description: Rod-shaped organelles often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell, with an inner and outer membrane.

Function: Break down waste materials and cellular debris. Description: Membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes.

Function: Modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for storage or transport. Description: A series of flattened, stacked pouches called cisternae.

Function: Synthesize proteins. Description: Small structures composed of RNA and proteins, found either floating in the cytosol or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Function: Break down fatty acids and produce hydrogen peroxide. Description: Small, membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes for metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

Function: Increase the surface area for absorption. Description: Small, finger-like projections that extend from the surface of many epithelial cells.

Function: The site of many metabolic pathways; its properties allow for the diffusion of molecules throughout the cell. Description: The fluid portion of the cytoplasm, which contains dissolved biomolecules and ions.

Function: Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids. Description: The portion of the ER without ribosomes that participates in the synthesis of lipids and hormone precursors.

Function: Provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells. Description: A complex network of proteins and carbohydrates found outside the plasma membrane of cells, particularly in animal tissue.

Function: Sort, package, and transport proteins and lipids into or out of the cell. Description: Membrane-bound compartments in the cytoplasm that function in the transport of endocytosed material within the cell.

Function: Degrade and recycle cellular components. Description: Double-membrane vesicles that engulf cellular organelles and fuse with lysosomes to form autolysosomes, where the contents are degraded.

Function: Helps sperm to penetrate an egg during fertilization. Description: A cap-like organelle located over the anterior half of the sperm's head, it contains enzymes that assist in breaking down the outer membrane of the egg.

Function: Protects the cell from its surroundings. Description: A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.

Function: Facilitate chromosome segregation during cell division. Description: A cylindrical cell structure made primarily of a microtubule-set, found in most eukaryotic cells.

Function: Create a watertight seal between cells. Description: Regions where the membranes of adjacent animal cell are fused, preventing the passage of most dissolved materials.

Function: Involved in cell movement and cell shape maintenance. Description: Thin protein strands in the cytoskeleton made from the polymerization of actin, present in all eukaryotic cells.

Function: Provides mechanical support to the nucleus and helps regulate DNA replication and cell division. Description: A dense, fibrillar network inside the nucleus of most cells, it is made of intermediate filaments and membrane-associated proteins.

Function: Allow transport and communication between individual plant cells. Description: Channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells.

Function: Facilitate intercellular communication by allowing small molecules and ions to pass between cells. Description: Specialized intercellular connections between animal cells that directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells.

Function: Conduct photosynthesis. Description: Organelles found in plant cells and eukaryotic algae with an internal system of thylakoid membranes, where photosynthesis takes place.

Function: Used for locomotion and ingestion by some cells. Description: Temporary, foot-like extensions of the cell membrane found in some eukaryotic cells, which are involved in motility and capturing food.

Function: Separate chromosomes during cell division. Description: A structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis.

Function: Forms the core of cilia and flagella and is essential for their movement. Description: The central strand of a cilium or flagellum, composed of microtubule doublets arranged in a '9+2' configuration.

Function: Provide mechanical strength to cells and help maintain their integrity. Description: Cytoskeletal components found in the cells of vertebrates, providing tensile strength to the cell.

Function: Organize microtubules and provide structure for the cell, as well as work to pull chromatids apart during cell division. Description: A structure found in animal cells containing a pair of centrioles surrounded by a mass of protein.

Function: Efficiently packages DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect the DNA structure and sequence. Description: The mixture of DNA and protein found in the eukaryotic nucleus, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.

Function: Move liquid past the surface of the cell. Description: Hair-like structures that extend from the surface of many animal cells, composed of microtubules in a '9+2' arrangement.

Function: Propel the cell through its environment. Description: A whip-like structure that allows a cell to move, composed of microtubules in a '9+2' arrangement similarly to cilia but typically longer and fewer per cell.

Function: Determine the shape of the cell and the distribution of organelles. Description: Thick, hollow tubes that make up the cilia, flagella, and spindle fibers involved in cell division.

Function: Transport and release substances produced by the cell into the extracellular environment. Description: Membrane-bound vesicles that carry molecules destined for secretion from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane.

Function: Synthesizes proteins destined for secretion or the plasma membrane. Description: The portion of the ER studded with ribosomes that is involved in the synthesis and packaging of proteins.

Function: Maintains cell shape and facilitates cellular movement. Description: A network of protein fibers including microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

Function: Allow material to be transported into and out of the nucleus. Description: Large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is otherwise an impermeable barrier to large molecules.

Function: Assembly of ribosomal subunits. Description: A non-membrane-bound structure composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus.

Function: Holds components of the cell and is the site of various metabolic reactions. Description: The jelly-like substance within the cell membrane that contains the cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.

Function: Provide mechanical strength to tissues by anchoring cells together. Description: Specialized protein structures in the membrane where adjacent animal cell membranes are connected.

Function: Package DNA into a more compact, dense shape, during cell division and ensure its accurate replication and distribution to daughter cells. Description: Thread-like structures located within the nucleus of animal and plant cells, made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Function: Transduce signals from outside the cell to inside, resulting in cellular responses. Description: A protein molecule usually found embedded within the plasma membrane surface of a cell that receives chemical signals from outside the cell.

Function: Allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane. Description: A protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane.

Function: Store nutrients and waste products, help increase cell size during growth, and act much like lysosomes of animal cells. Description: Large membrane-bound structures found in plants and fungi, sometimes in animals and protists.

Function: Provides support and protection for plant cell structure. Description: A rigid layer lying external to the cell membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria.

Function: Separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Description: A double membrane that encloses the nucleus, perforated with pores that regulate the flow of materials in and out of the nucleus.