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Synthesizes a short RNA primer to initiate DNA synthesis.

A protein that holds DNA polymerase in place during strand extension.

Bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template.

The repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, which protect the ends from degradation.

Removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.

A type of topoisomerase found in bacteria that introduces negative supercoils into DNA.

A complex of proteins that forms at the origin of replication prior to the start of DNA synthesis.

Relieves the stress on DNA strands caused by unwinding.

The region formed by two replication forks moving in opposite directions during DNA replication.

Repairs bulky lesions in DNA that distort the double helix, like those caused by UV light.

Proteins that ensure DNA replication occurs only once per cell cycle by regulating the assembly of the replication machinery.

New complementary DNA strand synthesized in fragments (Okazaki fragments) opposite to the direction of the replication fork.

Repairs small, non-helix-distorting base lesions, such as cytosine deamination.

The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing.

A protein complex that opens the sliding clamp so it can encircle DNA and then loads it onto the DNA.

Enzyme that synthesizes a new DNA strand using an existing DNA strand as a template.

Cleaves flap structures that can arise during DNA replication and repair.

A repair system that fixes incorrectly paired nucleotides that escape proofreading by DNA polymerases.

The sliding clamp in eukaryotes that increases the processivity of DNA polymerases.

Specifically involved in sealing nicks during lagging strand synthesis and long-patch base excision repair.

Short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

The specific sequence where DNA replication is initiated.

New complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously in the direction of the replication fork.

An enzyme that adds repetitive nucleotide sequences to the ends of chromosomes, preventing their shortening during replication.

A protein that assists helicase to load onto the DNA double helix at the replication fork.

Main enzyme that adds nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction to form a new complementary DNA strand.

Joins Okazaki fragments together to create one continuous DNA strand.

Unwinds the DNA double helix to separate the two strands.

An enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template, used by retroviruses.