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Lipid Types and Functions
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Ceramides
Function: Structural role in cell membrane and signaling; Examples: N-Acylsphingosine
Sphingolipids
Function: Structural component of cell membranes and signaling; Examples: Sphingomyelin, glycosphingolipids
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)
Function: Quick energy source and used in medical nutrition; Examples: Caprylic acid, capric acid
Steroids
Function: Hormone synthesis and membrane fluidity; Examples: Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen
Triglycerides
Function: Long-term energy storage and insulation; Examples: Fats and oils
Monoacylglycerols (MAG)
Function: Intermediate in lipid digestion and signaling; Examples: 2-Monoacylglycerol
Lipoproteins
Function: Transport of lipids through the bloodstream; Examples: High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Function: Anti-inflammatory effects and support of cardiovascular health; Examples: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Terpenes
Function: Biosynthesis of steroids and pigments; Examples: Vitamin A, beta-carotene
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
Function: Precursors to important signaling molecules and membrane fluidity; Examples: Omega-3 (α-linolenic acid), Omega-6 (linoleic acid)
Phospholipids
Function: Main components of cell membranes; Examples: Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine
Cardiolipins
Function: Inner mitochondrial membrane stability; Examples: Diphosphatidylglycerol
Diacylglycerols (DAG)
Function: Secondary messenger in cell signaling pathways; Examples: 1,2-diacylglycerol
Polyketides
Function: Antibiotic, antifungal, and antitumor properties; Examples: Erythromycin, tetracycline
Fatty Acids
Function: Energy storage and cell membrane structure; Examples: Palmitic acid, oleic acid
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Function: Varied biological activities including vision, blood clotting, and antioxidant effects; Examples: Vitamins A, D, E, K
Eicosanoids
Function: Inflammation and immunity modulation; Examples: Prostaglandins, thromboxanes
Vitamin K Group
Function: Essential for blood clotting process; Examples: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1), Menaquinones (Vitamin K2)
Fatty Alcohols
Function: Emulsion stability and texture enhancer in cosmetics; Examples: Cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol
Waxes
Function: Protection and waterproofing; Examples: Beeswax, lanolin
Vitamin E Group
Function: Antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage; Examples: Tocopherols, tocotrienols
Glycolipids
Function: Cell recognition and signal transduction; Examples: Gangliosides, cerebrosides
Vitamin D Group
Function: Regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis; Examples: Calciferol (Vitamin D2), Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
Vitamin A Group
Function: Vision, immune function, and cell growth; Examples: Retinol, beta-carotene
Biological Membrane Lipids
Function: Major structural component of cell membranes, creating a barrier and facilitating cell signaling; Examples: Phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol
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