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Lipid Types and Functions

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Ceramides

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Function: Structural role in cell membrane and signaling; Examples: N-Acylsphingosine

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Sphingolipids

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Function: Structural component of cell membranes and signaling; Examples: Sphingomyelin, glycosphingolipids

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Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs)

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Function: Quick energy source and used in medical nutrition; Examples: Caprylic acid, capric acid

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Steroids

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Function: Hormone synthesis and membrane fluidity; Examples: Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen

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Triglycerides

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Function: Long-term energy storage and insulation; Examples: Fats and oils

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Monoacylglycerols (MAG)

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Function: Intermediate in lipid digestion and signaling; Examples: 2-Monoacylglycerol

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Lipoproteins

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Function: Transport of lipids through the bloodstream; Examples: High-density lipoprotein (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

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Omega-3 Fatty Acids

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Function: Anti-inflammatory effects and support of cardiovascular health; Examples: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

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Terpenes

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Function: Biosynthesis of steroids and pigments; Examples: Vitamin A, beta-carotene

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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)

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Function: Precursors to important signaling molecules and membrane fluidity; Examples: Omega-3 (α-linolenic acid), Omega-6 (linoleic acid)

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Phospholipids

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Function: Main components of cell membranes; Examples: Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine

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Cardiolipins

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Function: Inner mitochondrial membrane stability; Examples: Diphosphatidylglycerol

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Diacylglycerols (DAG)

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Function: Secondary messenger in cell signaling pathways; Examples: 1,2-diacylglycerol

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Polyketides

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Function: Antibiotic, antifungal, and antitumor properties; Examples: Erythromycin, tetracycline

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Fatty Acids

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Function: Energy storage and cell membrane structure; Examples: Palmitic acid, oleic acid

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Fat-Soluble Vitamins

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Function: Varied biological activities including vision, blood clotting, and antioxidant effects; Examples: Vitamins A, D, E, K

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Eicosanoids

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Function: Inflammation and immunity modulation; Examples: Prostaglandins, thromboxanes

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Vitamin K Group

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Function: Essential for blood clotting process; Examples: Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1), Menaquinones (Vitamin K2)

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Fatty Alcohols

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Function: Emulsion stability and texture enhancer in cosmetics; Examples: Cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol

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Waxes

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Function: Protection and waterproofing; Examples: Beeswax, lanolin

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Vitamin E Group

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Function: Antioxidant, protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage; Examples: Tocopherols, tocotrienols

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Glycolipids

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Function: Cell recognition and signal transduction; Examples: Gangliosides, cerebrosides

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Vitamin D Group

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Function: Regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis; Examples: Calciferol (Vitamin D2), Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)

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Vitamin A Group

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Function: Vision, immune function, and cell growth; Examples: Retinol, beta-carotene

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Biological Membrane Lipids

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Function: Major structural component of cell membranes, creating a barrier and facilitating cell signaling; Examples: Phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol

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