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Retinal; acts as a coenzyme in the visual cycle, which is vital for healthy vision, and Retinoic Acid; critical for gene transcription.

Tocopherols and Tocotrienols; act as antioxidants to protect cell membranes from oxidative damage.

Tetrahydrofolate (THF); acts as a carrier of methyl, formyl, and methenyl groups in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids.

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and Flavin mononucleotide (FMN); these are redox coenzymes involved in several reactions in the electron transport chain and the citric acid cycle.

Coenzyme A (CoA); as stated with Vitamin B5, it’s pivotal for the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.

5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin and Methylcobalamin; they are cofactors involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Specifically, involved in DNA synthesis and regulation as well as fatty acid, amino acid metabolism.

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and Flavin mononucleotide (FMN); (repeated from Vitamin B2) they are components of complex II of the electron transport chain in mitochondria.

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP); (repeated from Vitamin B6) it's the active form that acts on glycogen phosphorylase activity, and aids in the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP); (repeated from Vitamin B3) serve in oxidation and reduction reactions that convert energy from food into cellular usable forms.

Phylloquinone and Menaquinones; are cofactors for the carboxylation of specific glutamate residues in proteins to form gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, which is essential for clotting factor function.

Biotin; serves as a coenzyme in carboxylation reactions, adding a carboxyl group (COOH) to substrates, important for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis.

Cobalamin coenzymes (5'-Deoxyadenosylcobalamin and Methylcobalamin); (repeated from Vitamin B12) required for the synthesis of methionine, the metabolism of fatty acids and energy production.

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (Calcitriol); acts as a hormone to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism, which are crucial for maintaining healthy bones and teeth.

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP); a coenzyme in various enzymatic reactions within amino acid metabolism, including transamination, deamination, and decarboxylation.

Tetrahydrofolate (THF); (repeated from Vitamin B9) functions in transferring single-carbon units in the synthesis of nucleic acids and metabolism of amino acids.

Coenzyme A (CoA); vital for the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.

Thiamine Pyrophosphate(TPP); act as a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids, such as in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+); involved in redox reactions, carrying electrons from one reaction to another.

Biotin; (repeated from Vitamin B7) acts as a coenzyme for carboxylase enzymes, involved in the synthesis of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and in gluconeogenesis.