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Respiratory System Anatomy

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Vocal cords

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Mucous membranes in the larynx that produce sound when air passes over them and they are made to vibrate

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Diaphragm

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Plays a major role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change lung volume

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Pleurae

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Enclose and protect the lungs; produce pleural fluid for lubrication

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Alveoli

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Site of gas exchange between air and blood

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Pulmonary vein

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Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

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Carina of trachea

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A ridge at the base of the trachea where it splits into two main bronchi, sensitive to irritation and can trigger a cough reflex

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Pulmonary artery

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Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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Cilia

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Tiny hair-like structures that move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract

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Nasal Cavity

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Warms, moistens, and filters air as it is inhaled

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Sinuses

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Lighten the skull, produce mucus, and help with the resonance of the voice

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Bronchi

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Two primary branches that carry air into each lung

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Intercostal muscles

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Aid in the mechanical aspect of breathing by moving the ribcage

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Larynx

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Routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech

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Trachea

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Provides air flow to and from the lungs for respiration

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Adam's apple

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The protrusion at the front of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, typically more prominent in men

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Bronchioles

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Deliver air to the alveoli

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Epiglottis

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Prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing

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Pharynx

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Passageway for air, leading from nasal cavity to larynx

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Surfactant

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A substance that reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse during exhalation

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Mediastinum

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The central compartment of the thoracic cavity that serves as an area for the heart, trachea, esophagus, and other structures

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