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Respiratory System Anatomy
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Vocal cords
Mucous membranes in the larynx that produce sound when air passes over them and they are made to vibrate
Diaphragm
Plays a major role in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change lung volume
Pleurae
Enclose and protect the lungs; produce pleural fluid for lubrication
Alveoli
Site of gas exchange between air and blood
Pulmonary vein
Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
Carina of trachea
A ridge at the base of the trachea where it splits into two main bronchi, sensitive to irritation and can trigger a cough reflex
Pulmonary artery
Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Cilia
Tiny hair-like structures that move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tract
Nasal Cavity
Warms, moistens, and filters air as it is inhaled
Sinuses
Lighten the skull, produce mucus, and help with the resonance of the voice
Bronchi
Two primary branches that carry air into each lung
Intercostal muscles
Aid in the mechanical aspect of breathing by moving the ribcage
Larynx
Routes air and food into the proper channels and plays a role in speech
Trachea
Provides air flow to and from the lungs for respiration
Adam's apple
The protrusion at the front of the neck formed by the thyroid cartilage of the larynx, typically more prominent in men
Bronchioles
Deliver air to the alveoli
Epiglottis
Prevents food from entering the respiratory tract during swallowing
Pharynx
Passageway for air, leading from nasal cavity to larynx
Surfactant
A substance that reduces the surface tension of the fluid lining the alveoli, preventing alveolar collapse during exhalation
Mediastinum
The central compartment of the thoracic cavity that serves as an area for the heart, trachea, esophagus, and other structures
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