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Macromolecules and Monomers
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Antibodies
Amino acids; functions include identifying and neutralizing foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
Receptor Proteins
Amino acids; functions include mediating cell signaling by binding to ligands.
Storage Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides; functions include the storage of energy in form of carbohydrates.
Glycoproteins
Amino acids and monosaccharides; functions include cell-cell recognition and protection.
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides; functions include energy storage and providing structural support in cell walls.
Transport Proteins
Amino acids; functions include carrying molecules across cell membranes or in blood.
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides; functions include energy storage and structural support.
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides; functions include storing genetic information and transferring energy.
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides; functions include providing energy and in some cases, serving as an intermediate to larger saccharides.
Structural Polysaccharides
Monosaccharides; functions include providing structural support to organisms.
Hormones
Various, including amino acids and cholesterol; functions include signaling and regulating physiological processes.
Steroids
Cholesterol; functions include being precursors to hormones and maintaining membrane fluidity.
Enzymes
Amino acids; functions include speeding up chemical reactions without being consumed.
Lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol; functions include long-term energy storage, insulation, and forming cell membranes.
Monosaccharides
Simple sugars; functions include serving as energy sources and building blocks for larger carbohydrates.
Proteins
Amino acids; functions include catalyzing biochemical reactions, providing structure, and regulating processes.
Signaling Molecules
Various, depending on the type; functions include communication between cells and coordinating biological processes.
Membrane Lipids
Fatty acids, glycerol, and additional molecules like phosphate; functions include forming the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.
Structural Proteins
Amino acids; functions include providing support and shape to cells and tissues.
Energy Storage Lipids
Fatty acids and glycerol; functions include storing energy for long-term use.
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