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The ancient Olympic Games were traditionally dated back to 776 BCE, believed to have been established by Heracles, a son of Zeus. The Games were initially a series of competitions held between representatives of various city-states and kingdoms of Ancient Greece.

The Olympic Truce was established to ensure that hostilities between competing city-states were suspended, so athletes and spectators could travel safely to the Games. It was a reflection of the respect for peace and unity in sport.

The stadion race was the first and only event during the early Olympic Games, a foot race about 180 meters long, which was the length of the stadium at Olympia. It is from this event that we derive the word 'stadium'.

The pentathlon was introduced in the Olympic Games around 708 BCE and included five events: long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, stadion race, and wrestling. It was considered a test of strength, skill, and versatility.

Equestrian events were added to the Olympic Games in the 7th century BCE. They included chariot racing and horseback riding events and were a display of wealth and status as well as athletic ability.

Winners of events at the ancient Olympics were awarded an olive wreath crown, known as a 'kotinos'. The olive tree was sacred to Athena, and the wreath symbolized victory and honor.

The ancient Olympic Games were as much a religious festival as a sporting event, dedicated to Zeus. They included sacrifices and ceremonies to honor both Zeus and Pelops, the mythical king of Olympia.

Women were not permitted to compete in or attend the ancient Olympic Games, with the exception of the priestess of Demeter. The Heraea Games were later established for women to compete in foot races.

Although the Games were originally reserved for Greek city-states, over time athletes from Greek colonies across the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions were allowed to compete, signifying a broader Greek identity.