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Famous Ancient Artifacts

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Rosetta Stone

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Origin: Ptolemaic Egypt, Age: 196 BC, Purpose: Decree issued by King Ptolemy V, Discovery Location: Rosetta, Egypt

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Terracotta Army

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Origin: Qin Dynasty China, Age: Circa 210 BC, Purpose: To protect Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the afterlife, Discovery Location: Xi'an, China

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Dead Sea Scrolls

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Origin: Judean Desert, Age: Between 3rd century BC and 1st century AD, Purpose: Religious texts of significant historical value, Discovery Location: Qumran Caves, West Bank

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Sutton Hoo Ship Burial

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Origin: Anglo-Saxon England, Age: Early 7th century, Purpose: Burial site of an elite individual, possibly a king, Discovery Location: Suffolk, England

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Antikythera Mechanism

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Origin: Ancient Greece, Age: Circa 100 BC, Purpose: Astronomical and calendrical calculations, Discovery Location: Antikythera shipwreck off the Greek island of Antikythera

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Mask of Tutankhamun

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Origin: Ancient Egypt, Age: Circa 1323 BC, Purpose: Funerary mask for the Pharaoh Tutankhamun, Discovery Location: Valley of the Kings, Egypt

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Cyrus Cylinder

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Origin: Ancient Persia, Age: 539 BC, Purpose: Decree by Cyrus the Great, symbolizing freedom and human rights, Discovery Location: Babylon, Iraq

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Venus of Willendorf

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Origin: Paleolithic Europe, Age: About 25,000 years old, Purpose: Fertility symbol or mother goddess representation, Discovery Location: Willendorf, Austria

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Sarcophagus of the Spouses

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Origin: Etruscan Civilization, Age: 6th century BC, Purpose: Sarcophagus for noble individuals, Discovery Location: Cerveteri, Italy

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Elgin Marbles

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Origin: Ancient Greece, Age: 5th century BC, Purpose: Part of the Parthenon frieze, statues and decoration, Discovery Location: Acropolis of Athens, Greece

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Nefertiti Bust

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Origin: Ancient Egypt, Age: Circa 1345 BC, Purpose: Likely a sculptor's model of Queen Nefertiti, Discovery Location: Amarna, Egypt

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Pyxis of al-Mughira

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Origin: Umayyad Caliphate, Age: 968 AD, Purpose: Decorative container for expensive substances, possibly cosmetics, Discovery Location: Madinat al-Zahra, Spain

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The Royal Game of Ur

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Origin: Ancient Mesopotamia, Age: Circa 2600 BC, Purpose: One of the earliest known board games, Discovery Location: Royal tombs of Ur in modern-day Iraq

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Horned Helmet of Henry VIII

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Origin: England, Age: 16th century AD, Purpose: Ceremonial helmet for King Henry VIII, Discovery Location: England

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Cave Paintings of Lascaux

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Origin: Paleolithic Europe, Age: Approximately 17,000 years old, Purpose: May have had a ritual or symbolic function, Discovery Location: Lascaux, France

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