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Major Cities of the Ancient World

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Babylon

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Ancient Mesopotamia; famed for the Hanging Gardens, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world.

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Athens

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Ancient Greece; birthplace of democracy and Western philosophy.

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Thebes

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Ancient Egypt; a major city and religious capital, especially during the Middle and New Kingdoms.

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Rome

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Ancient Rome; center of the Roman Empire and known for its significant contributions to law and government.

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Carthage

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Ancient Phoenician city-state; a major rival to the Roman Republic in the Punic Wars.

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Persepolis

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Ancient Persia; ceremonial capital of the Achaemenid Empire built by Darius I.

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Alexandria

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Ancient Egypt; founded by Alexander the Great and once home to the famous Lighthouse and Library.

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Jerusalem

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Ancient Israel; a holy city for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, with a complex and storied history.

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Nineveh

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Assyrian Empire; a great ancient city located in modern-day northern Iraq.

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Mohenjo-Daro

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Indus Valley Civilization; one of the world’s earliest major urban settlements.

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Susa

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Ancient Persia; a city with a long history, serving as an important political and trade center.

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Troy

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Ancient Anatolia; famously associated with the Trojan War described in Homer's 'Iliad'.

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Memphis

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Ancient Egypt; an early capital of Egypt and a vital religious center.

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Sparta

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Ancient Greece; known for its military power and austere lifestyle.

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Mycenae

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Mycenaean Greece; known as a major center of Greek civilization and a military stronghold.

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Ctesiphon

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Parthian and Sassanian Empires; one of the great cities of ancient Mesopotamia.

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Pataliputra

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Ancient India; capital of several major dynasties such as the Maurya and Gupta empires.

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Knossos

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Minoan Civilization; the site of an ancient palace complex on the island of Crete.

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Hattusa

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Hittite Empire; the ancient capital known for its impressive ruins and cuneiform tablets.

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Palmyra

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Ancient Syria; an important city in central Syria, known for its wealthy merchants and monumental ruins.

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